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<br />DRAFT <br /> <br />direct curtailment of current instream values, indirect losses of <br /> <br /> <br />net incomes in related activities, and further future losses of <br /> <br /> <br />instream val ues. However, there is 1 ikely to be immed ia te loss <br /> <br /> <br />of some instream values, even in cases involving no immediate <br /> <br /> <br />loss of income to water diverters. For example, on smaller <br /> <br /> <br />streams, transfers may make it more difficult for towns and <br /> <br /> <br />industries to meet ambient water quality standards, forcing them <br /> <br /> <br />to undertake higher levels of waste treatment. <br /> <br /> <br />Finally, some. losses (c. above) may indirectly occur "to <br /> <br /> <br />society at large" in the basin of origin, through under utiliza- <br /> <br /> <br />tion of public facilities, decline in the tax base, reduction in <br /> <br /> <br />quality of public services, and possibly as a result of selective <br /> <br /> <br />migration that leaves a less capable population behind. <br /> <br /> <br />Regarding the groups (1-4 above) potentially affected by <br /> <br /> <br />out-of-basin transfers, groups 1 and 2 are aff.orded protection <br /> <br /> <br />from damage under the existing appropriation doctrine. Water can <br /> <br /> <br />be taken from current uses only through purchase or condemna- <br /> <br /> <br />tion. In either case, appropriate prices (compensation) would be <br /> <br /> <br />paid to the direct water users. Junior appropriators can seek <br /> <br /> <br />protection against any injury d.uring the court or permit <br /> <br /> <br />proceedings. <br /> <br /> <br />Thus, only four classes of damaged parties potentially <br /> <br /> <br />warrant compensation beyond that presently assured under the <br /> <br /> <br />prior appropriation doctrine: <br /> <br /> <br />(I) Parties indirectly suffering employment and income <br /> <br /> <br />losses from curtailment of direct and instream uses; <br /> <br />4B <br />