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<br />actiOIl. It Is from among these al\erna-
<br />tlves thaL a recommended plan will be
<br />selected.
<br />, The previous formulation stePB should
<br />effectively screen the number and types
<br />of altern&t1ves th&t &re to be considered,
<br />as candIdates for B. recommended plan.
<br />In gener&!. these altern&tives should pos-
<br />sess the followlng characteristics:
<br />1. For the . given set of component
<br />As 1nd1cated in the Introc1uctJon to needs, each altemsUve plan should be
<br />this section; plan fonnulation should be most efficient means to achieve those
<br />viewed as a continuous process that must needs.
<br />be reilemted during the overe.ll pla.nnlng 2, The plans should be significantly
<br />process based upon the results of the ' difIerenUated from each other, prim&rily
<br />1n:tt1-al consideration of plan formulation in tenns of emphasis on multiobJectlves;
<br />described a.bove. Further, it should be that is, each altemat1ve plan makes a
<br />noted that the level of analysis probably unique contribution to one or more muIt1-
<br />should not be detad.led until the results objectives not provided for by ally of the
<br />of the lnlt1al or subsequent relteratloIlB other alternatives under consideration.
<br />more clearly lncUc:a:te the relevancy of Uslng the analysis of alternatives. those
<br />the components of multtobJeet1ves to the alternatives that may have been fO:n:Du-
<br />pl&lUllng setting and the range and l&ted with essentie.llY slm1lar ch&racter-
<br />number of 8ltema.t1ves th&t should be !sties In terms of component needs with
<br />~dered as the basis for select1ng a onlY minor differences should be screened
<br />recommenA.ed plan. It should be stressed, to seleet the alternative tha.t provides
<br />with respec~ to altema.rblve plans, that the best mix of contributions to the spe-
<br />J:n. the last formulation step, the selec- c1:flc set of component needs.
<br />t10n at a recommended plan. only 3, Without regard to ..,;slgning prlorl-
<br />Blterna.Uves that could be favorably ties or weights to the component needs
<br />recommended. for various mixes. of the of a pa.rt1cula.r alternat1ve to d11ferentJ.-
<br />eanponents or the multloojective8 will ate such alternative in tenns of the other
<br />be coI16idered. alternatives, each alternative" must be
<br />The _ fClr relter&tlon at the plan "Justified" In the sense th&t In the Judg-
<br />formulation process at this poiI1Jt or for ment of the planning organization" the
<br />mod1ty1ng certain steps in that process total beneficial effects (monetary and
<br />should be baSed upon the following COD- nonmonetary) to -the objectives relevant
<br />sideratlons: to the alternative are equal to or exceed
<br />1. Level of deta.11 inadequate as basis the total adverse efrects (moneta.1'y and
<br />for selection of a recommended plan: nonmonetary) to those objectives.
<br />2. Altematirves ronsidered result ~ G1ven the above 6Creen1ng process, the
<br />6lgn1fi.cant shortfalls in meeting the COD1_ chotce of a" l'ecommended plan from
<br />panent needs Qf one or more of the multi- among the rema1n1ng alternatives 18 efj-
<br />objectives; sentia.lly a choice governed by a reason-
<br />3. Resource capability and alternatives able and ratlona.l perception of priorities
<br />Considered suggest th&t the InItIaJ specJ1l- and preferences about the mix of multl-
<br />catton of component needs was in error obJeet1ves. It 18 not a choice predicated
<br />and requires modification; upon an &n8lysls of the most Justlfted
<br />4. Publlc policy changes occurring dur... plan. since each a1ternatl1ve to be con-
<br />Ing the planning study Buggest change sldered at this step of the overall formu...
<br />In emphasis for the multlobJectlves; and l&tion process c&n be Justified on lIB own
<br />5. AddltlonB11nformatlon obt&1ned on merits In terms of Its contributions to
<br />resource capabillttes or the technical the given m1x of multiobJectives relevant
<br />aspects of altemattve pla.ns. to each altern.a.tlve.
<br />The above considerations are only sug- If explicit priorities or weights were
<br />restive of the condittons requiring re- a.ssigned to the beneficial and adverse
<br />appraisal and reiteration of the plan effects ,to each component need of the
<br />formulation process. AB a general guide, multiobJecUves, it would be possible to
<br />however, In determining t.he extent and select a best plan to be recommended
<br />number of reiterations that should be with a m1nJmwn of Judgment. In most
<br />undertaken, a Judgment must be made cases, however, such prlorities or weights
<br />as to whether or not new 1n!ormatio~ wlll not be avaJlable and, BB set forth in
<br />further deta.1l. or other change in the Principles, selection or & recommended
<br />eondltions listed above are likely to result plan will be based upon an appraisal so
<br />in either significant changes in the com- that the beneficial and adverse efrects to
<br />ponent needs or in the alternatives the m1x of objectives, to the best of cur-
<br />considered. rent understa.nding and knowledge, re...
<br />fleet the priorities and preferences ex-
<br />pressed by the public at all levels to be
<br />aflected by the plan,
<br />The basis of selection - will be fully
<br />reported upon ind1cating all cons1dera-
<br />tions made in the selection process.
<br />An explicit presentation will be shown
<br />of the compar:lsons and resulting tmde~
<br />otIs of the l'ecommended plan to other
<br />alternative plans considered for l'ecom-
<br />mendatiolL This will be shown in accord-
<br />ance with the system of accounts :II1
<br />section VI.
<br />
<br />monetary tradeoffs involved far the noo-"
<br />mone\w'y elfects for a partlcula.r pi&n-
<br />nIng BOttIng and will serve to point out
<br />that &IlY Ilnal evalua1llau of the worth of
<br />nonmone\w'y elfeots must be seen In the
<br />context at the 8ltern&t1ve way of using
<br />a part:l.cular resource. ~
<br />
<br />w. PCONSIDERATION or COMPONENTS AND
<br />.LLTERNATIVE PLANS
<br />
<br />G. PLAN SELECTION
<br />
<br />The culmination of the plan formula-
<br />tion process is the selection of a recom-
<br />mended plan from among the alternative
<br />plans. Based upon the analysis of alter-
<br />native plans and the results of reitera-
<br />tions of the plan formulation process, a
<br />set of alternative plans should be devel-
<br />oped--each one of which, given the rele-
<br />vant mix of multiobJectives. could be
<br />selected on its own merits as a recom-
<br />mended plan or recommended course of
<br />
<br />NOTICES
<br />
<br />24173
<br />
<br />VI. SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS
<br />
<br />The system of" accounts is an tnfor-
<br />IIl&t1on system that display. beneficial
<br />and adve:rse efrects of each plan on the
<br />multlobJectlves and on soclal factors and
<br />provides a basis for comparing alterna-
<br />tive plans, The d1spls.y at beneficial and
<br />adverse eft'ects on each objective and on
<br />social factors will be prepared" ilI1 such
<br />manner that the cUfferent levels of
<br />achievement to each objective and effects
<br />on social factors can be readily discerned
<br />and compared, 1ndl.cating the tradeotIs
<br />between alternative plans.
<br />The sYstem of accounts calls attention
<br />to the lmportant aspects of information
<br />which must be generated and displayed if
<br />the decisionmaking process 16 to be efrec-
<br />tive. The evaluation framework through
<br />the system of accounts provides fol' a.
<br />systematJc 1nvestigation of the full range
<br />and extent of effects of a plan and pro-
<br />vides for a display of this informa.tlon.in
<br />a fo:nnat which is clear and useful to all
<br />pa.rt1cipants in the dec1s1on process.
<br />Four account.s w111 be used for display-
<br />Ing beneficial and adverse effects on each
<br />objective and on soclal factors and for
<br />showing and an&lyzIng the tradeoff.
<br />among plaIl8. The four accounts to be
<br />used are national economic development,
<br />environmental quaJ1ty, reglonaJ. develop-
<br />ment, and an account for social factors.
<br />Two series of displays will be prepared.
<br />In the first, gross beneficial and gl'OS8
<br />adverse efrects and net beneficial effects
<br />where appropriate w1ll be displayed for
<br />each objective and on social factoI'51n ail "
<br />acconnt for each alternative plan. The
<br />second series of displays will' be used to
<br />provide a re'ady comparison of the al-
<br />" ternative plans. .
<br />In the first series of displays, beneficial
<br />and adverse eifects to be shown In each
<br />account will be in accordance wiUi the
<br />deftn1tlon and d1scusslOlLS of beneficial
<br />and adverse effects by components of the
<br />objectives and on social factors contained
<br />in section m. Values for the national
<br />eoonomic development accoUIllt will be
<br />expressed in monetary units; values for
<br />the environmental quality account W1.l1 be
<br />expressed. in appropriate quantitative
<br />units or quB1ltatlve terms: and the re-
<br />gional development account and account
<br />for social factors w1ll1nclude a combina-
<br />tion of monetary units and other appro-
<br />priate quantitative units or Qualitative
<br />terms, Tables I, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Illustrate
<br />the nature and the content of the first
<br />series of diBplays.
<br />Table 118 a schematic diagram ot the
<br />system of a.ocounts and llIustrates the
<br />basis for summa.r1zing beneficial and ad-
<br />verse efrects on objectives and on soci81
<br />factors. Table Ilndexes the detailed dis-
<br />play of beneficial and adverse effects by
<br />components in tables 2, 3, 4, and 5. The
<br />components of the national economic
<br />development account appear in table 2.
<br />The comJX)nent6 of the environmental
<br />Quality account appear in 'la'ble 3. The
<br />components of the regional development
<br />account appear in table 4. The compo-
<br />nents of the account for social factors BP-
<br />pear in table 5, The tables lnclude hypo-
<br />thetical data on beneficial and advenie
<br />effects DB examples only. These should
<br />not be considered, necessarily inclusive
<br />
<br />FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 36, NO. 245-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1971
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