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<br />24152
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<br />accompllsh enviroDIl1eIltal obJectI.....
<br />As incomes and living levela increase,
<br />societY e.ppes.rs less wJlllDg to accept en-
<br />vironmental. deterioration in exchange
<br />for additional goo(is and services in the
<br />market place.
<br />Responsive to the varied splrltuaI.
<br />psychological, . recreational. ~d ma.~
<br />rial needa, the environmental objective
<br />reflects man's abld1ng concern with the
<br />quallty of the naJtural physIcal-bIological
<br />system in which all lUe is susta1ned..
<br />However, to the extent that man's en-
<br />vironmental concerns are expressed in
<br />terms ot population dispersion. urban-
<br />rural balance, urban congestion, and the
<br />like, .these aspects are contRined in the
<br />regional development obJectIve.
<br />Components of the environtriental ob-
<br />Jective include the following:
<br />(s) Management. protection, eD.-
<br />.ha.ncement. or crea.t:l.on of areas of
<br />natural beauty and human enjoyment
<br />such as open and green space, wild and
<br />scenic riverS, lakes, beaches, shores.
<br />IDOWlta.1n and wilderness areas, and
<br />estuaries;
<br />(b) Management, preservatalon, or en-
<br />hancement of especially valuable or out-
<br />standing archeOlogical, historical, bio-
<br />logical ClncIudlng llsh and wUdille habI-
<br />tat). and geological resources and ecolog-
<br />ical systems;
<br />(c) Enhancement of quality aspects of
<br />water. land. a.nd air by control of pollu-
<br />tion or prevention of erosion and resto-
<br />ration of eroded areas ~rae1ng the
<br />need to harmonize land use Objectives in
<br />terms of productivity for economic USe
<br />and development with conservation of
<br />the resource;
<br />(d) AVoiding irreversible commit-
<br />men.ts of resources to future uses: WhUe
<br />sJl fonns of development and use atrecl
<br />and sometimes change the tenuous bal-
<br />a.nce of fragile aquatic and terrestrial
<br />ecosystems. the impUcation of all possIble
<br />effects and changes on such systems is
<br />imperfectly understood at the present
<br />.tIme. In the a.bsence of absolute measures
<br />or standards for reliably predicting 000-
<br />logloa.l change, these p\ann1ng standards
<br />emphasize the need far a cautionary ap-
<br />proach in meeting development and use
<br />objectives in order to m1n1m1ze or pre-
<br />clude the posslblllty of undesirable and
<br />possible irreversible "changes In the
<br />natural environment:
<br />(e) others: GIven its broad and per..
<br />.......ve nature, It is not pracj,jcalto epedf-
<br />IC'llJly Identify In these standards all pos-
<br />sible components of the environmental
<br />quallty obJectlve. If other components
<br />Me recognized. they should be explicitly
<br />Identl1led and accomodated In the plan-
<br />ning process.
<br />3, Regional develeypment, Enhance-
<br />ment of'. regional development cornea
<br />about through Increases In a region'. in-
<br />come, Increases In employment, and im-
<br />provement of the economio base, enVi-
<br />ronment. and other speclfied components
<br />of the reglana\ development objective.
<br />Water and land resource plans cantrlbute
<br />in a variety of ways 1;0 a glven regional
<br />economy, These elfects can 1nclude the
<br />contribution to regional deveIopment ob-
<br />Jectives resulting from pI.... formulated
<br />
<br />, NOTICES
<br />
<br />to meet other obJecit!ves.8.8 wen as COD-
<br />tributions to one or more of the expUcit
<br />regional development objectives.
<br />Components of the regional develop-
<br />ment objective 1nclude: .
<br />(a) Increase! in regional income. A1J
<br />a part of the n&tionaJ. economy I wnaJys1s
<br />of the increase in income for a desig-
<br />nated region reflect8 several pa.rallel
<br />components of the national economic de-
<br />velopment objective. ConsequentJy. in-
<br />creases in regional income embrace the
<br />follawing components of that objective:
<br />(1) The value of increased Qutpubs of
<br />goods and services from a plan to the
<br />users resldJng in the region under con..
<br />sideratJon; and .
<br />(2) The value of output to users resid-
<br />ing in the region under COIlSlderat1on
<br />. resulting from external economies caused
<br />by a plan,
<br />In addition to the paraJ.lel components,
<br />regtcmal 1ncome 1ncludes the value of
<br />output 1n the region under considera-
<br />tion resulting from the use of resources
<br />otherwise unemplOYed or Wlderemployed
<br />and net 1nCOlIlfl accruing to the region
<br />under. consideration from the construc-
<br />t10n or implementation of a plan and
<br />from other economic activities induced
<br />by opera.tions of a. plan. .
<br />(b) Effects on. other components 0/ the
<br />regional development objective. (1)
<br />Achieving deo;lrable population dlspersa.l
<br />and urban-ruraJ balance throUgh distri...
<br />bution of JX}pulation and employment-
<br />OPIX>rtun1ties.
<br />The rapid and anticipated continued
<br />urboolza.tion of the Nation portends an
<br />enormous agenda ot socla.l, economic.
<br />and environmental problems. Society's
<br />current problems of noise, COngestJ.on.
<br />crime, housing, physical and mental
<br />health. educatlon, lack of open space,
<br />and general. environmentaJ. deterioratl.on
<br />will be greatly Intenslfled. In view of the
<br />diverse and widespread e1fects of popUla-
<br />tion concentration em society generally.
<br />8 national )X)l1cy toward aCcommodaUng
<br />and better rationalizIng the urba.n1zatlon
<br />process including a better urban-rural
<br />balance In population and employment J3
<br />a major component of regional develop-
<br />ment. Water and land resource programs
<br />and projects thrOugh the goods and
<br />services they provide. as well as the ec0-
<br />nomic exrans10n opportunitl.es or envir-
<br />onmentaJ. setting they create. can effee.
<br />tlvely contribute, together. with other
<br />progr&.lI1S. to a more desirable dIstribu-
<br />tlon of popu\atlon and employment with-
<br />In each region and throughout the
<br />Na.tion..
<br />(2) InCreases In regIonal employment.
<br />. SInce employment and employmen~
<br />opportunities provide the mee.ns to hold
<br />'and Incresse the base popu\ation and to'
<br />otherwise cantrlbute to attalnrnent of
<br />a viable ecoDOmic and social commun14'.
<br />they ....e of concern to <WI regions. Al-
<br />though there will be exceptions, In gen-
<br />tirallt may be anticipated that IncreaBes
<br />In regional Income _ above wID
<br />be compatible with programs far Incre8B-
<br />, Ing reglOIl8l. emplDyDlent,
<br />(3) "'"""~""'_ ol _ reg1<nal eoo-
<br />uom1c bass and staI>Il!t;y.
<br />
<br />A major component of the regional de-
<br />velopment objective 18 the atta1nrnmt of
<br />a .tlex1ble and responsive economic poS-
<br />ture !.hat enables It to wltIisoo.nd the
<br />chang1ng composition of the economy
<br />9ver time due to advances in technology,
<br />changes in consumer behavior a.ffecting
<br />Intenned1ate and 1lnal demands, and re-
<br />lated changes In product.1on, Where the
<br />existing economic base of a. region may'
<br />be too narrow and speclallzOO. public
<br />investmentB in water and land resources
<br />can be effective toward broadening its
<br />economic base. ,
<br />(4) Enhancing eduCational, cultural,
<br />a.nd recreational opportunities.
<br />With better distribution of income.
<br />population, and emploY1I1ent, the enjoy~
<br />ment of lI!e Is enhanced by Inlproved
<br />community serv:l.ces, better schools, and
<br />more cuI turaJ.' and recreational oppor-
<br />tnnlt1es in the region.
<br />(5) 'Enhancement of enviromnental
<br />condLtians of concern to the region.
<br />Consistent with the componenm of en-
<br />vironmente.l objectives set forth above,
<br />water and land re60uree plans oe.n make
<br />positive contributions to enhancing com-
<br />ponent5. of the environmental objectives
<br />that have specla.1 slgniftca.nce for the
<br />region under cons1derBlt1on.
<br />(6) Enhancement of other apecified
<br />compo~ents of the regional'development
<br />objective. -
<br />m. BENEFICIAL AND ADVERSE EITECTS
<br />A. INtRODUCTION .
<br />For each alternative pl8n there w1ll
<br />be a complete display or aecol.II1ting of
<br />relevant benellcial and adverse ellects,
<br />Beneflclal and adverse effects are
<br />measured in nonmonetary terms for eom-
<br />'tlonal economic development obiectlve,
<br />for the regional income component of
<br />the regional development obJectJ.ve, and
<br />for some socta1 factors.
<br />Other beneflcla1 or iwtverse efIecm are
<br />measured in norunoneta.ry tenns for com;..
<br />ponents ot the environmental quality_ob-
<br />jective, for the nonineome components
<br />of the regional development objective.
<br />and for most social fectonl, E'.Bt!ri18.t1ng
<br />these bene1lclal and adV<lf'l3<i eff""'" ill
<br />Wldertaken in order to measure the net
<br />changes with respect to particular objec-
<br />tlves that are generated by alternativ.
<br />p\a.ns, For each alternatlve plan the bene-
<br />llc1al and adverse effects on social factors
<br />will also be displayed in the system of
<br />accounts,
<br />The measurement of the elfects In It-
<br />sell, however, does not nece5S8.rlly con-
<br />stitute a statement that'sucb elf""'" are
<br />bene1lclal ar adverse, A dectiuon on th1s
<br />questlon depends on the nature of prefer-
<br />en.... regardlng each effect, one group
<br />may consider an e1fret bene1lc:la1 whlle
<br />e.not.her group- cons1d<mi It adverse,
<br />E1fects on some objectJves and compo-
<br />nents are generally regarded as fa.vor-
<br />able. These include, for exam.ple, gains
<br />In national output, For other obJect1ves
<br />and components. however, preferences
<br />will dI1fer, Thla will certainly be true of
<br />""""" ol the components making up the
<br />eovIronmet>tal quallt:v obJective. For such
<br />
<br />FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl.. 36, NO. 24S-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 21~ 1971
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