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<br />(}'!}23-9~ <br /> <br />Another problem to be considered is the in. <br />evitable "seep". Maybe the problem is "shattered <br />rock", a de'los:oling term for natural earth Iculls. or <br />it may be the drilling of pesky earth rodents. a sud. <br />den spring 01 'Nater, an eo:rth boil. or a ooskedul 01 <br />other reasons. These are calculated risks 10 the <br />designing engmeers. and headaches to all of the <br />res! of us. <br /> <br />With the addition 01 the- production cl hydro- <br />electric energy, new factors to determine appropriate <br />damsiles must be taken into consideration. Some- <br />where the water must fall, to create enerqy. Power <br />must be produced to help defray the cost 01 the <br />proied. Also, one more agency must be reckoned <br />with, in the project planning. <br /> <br />As water supplies grow more limlted, more laws <br />are passed. more compacts are made, and water <br />studies become more complicated, Federal reclama- <br />tion law honors all state waler law. and each state <br />is a separate entity with its own inviolate interpre- <br />tations. <br /> <br />As Reclamation moves east toward the less arid <br />areas, flood control becomes even more of a factor. <br />Here, aqain, arises the problem whe-re is the greatest <br />need to control'the water. as well as where to use It <br />in Hmes of drought. This, too. is determined in the <br />project planning. <br /> <br />Too often, in the past. drainage has been ignored. <br />Thousands of acres have been ruined, or at least <br />damaged, because of 100 much water. Today, these <br />lactors are considered and attempts are made to <br />cope with them beJore the project is built. <br /> <br />Alter the quantity 01 waler available for a project <br />has been ascertained. the quality 01 water must be <br />tested. It must be tested lor alkalinity, for example. <br />Much land has been soured or damaged by the in- <br />judicious use 01 waler WIth too much saline salts in <br />II. Thts is now pre-determined. <br />There are sedimentation problems to J:,e. con. <br />sidered in planning a project. Will a reservoir silt <br />over or will it leak forever? Some silt is necessary <br />to seal a prOlrie reservoir. How much storage will <br />be needecl to provide sufficient sp::lce in the reser. <br />voir 10 hold back silt. and still Slay at maximum <br />irrigation capacity lor many lifetimes? <br />Project planning includes a study cf the entire <br />economics of a proposed project. These studies are <br />now made on a basin-wide scale. with power at one <br />dam helping to pay for irrigation benefits from <br />anolher in the same river basin. These studies de- <br />termine the feaSIbility 01 the project and form a basis <br />of the repayment contracts that are made wlih the <br />woter.users. <br />The development of a multiple-purpose project <br />requires that many Federal. Slale. and localagendes <br />cooperate during the planning stages 01 a project. <br />Adequate consideration of all the potential uses of <br />the water and land during the planning stage is <br />necessary 10 assure that the greatest use is made of <br />these precious resources. <br />The Bureau at Reclamation's Engineering Center. <br />located in the outskirts of Denver. Colorado. has <br />been developed to provide the specialized technical <br />services Jar planning. designing and construction of <br />proiects throughout the West. In fact, the technical <br />know.how 01 that laboratory has beBn made avail- <br />able to the entire world. <br /> <br />GR....N8Y ~UM~ING ~lANT <br /> <br />r <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />-- - <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />I <br /> <br /> <br />lI.. <br /> <br />.-.... <br />, <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />-".0 <br />';:. <br /> <br />..:.... <br />" . <br /> <br />. ~~:. <br /> <br />. <br />