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<br />00241.3 <br /> <br />Seismic: Of or related to movement in the earth's crust caused by natural relief of rock <br />stresses. <br /> <br />Settlement: The sinking of land surfaces because of subsurface compaction, usually <br />occurring when moisture added deliberately or by nature, causes a reduction in void <br />volumes. <br /> <br />Sinkhole: A steep-sided depression formed when removal of subsurface embankment or <br />foundation material causes overlying material to collapse into the resulting void. <br /> <br />Slough: Movement of a soil mass downward along a slope because of a slope angle too <br />great to support the soil, wetness reducing internal friction among particles, or seismic <br />activity. It is also called a slope failure, usually a rather shallow failure. <br /> <br />SOD: Acronym for Safety of Dams program. <br /> <br />Soil Cement: A mixture of Portland cement and pulverized soil placed in layers on the <br />upstream face of a dam to provide slope protection. <br /> <br />.1 <br /> <br />Spalling: The loss of surface concrete usuall y caused by impact, abrasion, or <br />compression. <br /> <br />SPCC: Acronym for spill prevention control and countermeasure plan. <br /> <br />-----, <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />Spillway: A structure that passes normal and/or flood flows in a manner that protects the <br />structural integrity of the dam. <br /> <br />Splitter wall: A wall or pier parallel to the direction of flow in a channel that separates <br />flows released from different sources as a means of energy dissipation. <br /> <br />Springline: An imaginary reference line located at midheight of a circular conduit, pipe, <br />or tunnel. Also the maximum horizontal dimension of a circular conduit, pipe, or tunnel. <br /> <br />-I <br /> <br />Standing operating procedures (SOP): A comprehensive single-source document <br />covering all aspects of dam and reservoir operation and maintenance and emergency <br />procedures. Its purpose is to ensure adherence to approved operating procedures. <br /> <br />Stilling basin:, A pool, usually lined with reinforced concrete, located below a spillway, <br />gate, or valve into which the discharge dissipates energy to avoid downstream channel <br />degradation. <br /> <br />,-- <br /> <br />Stilling pool: A pool located below a spillway, gate, or valve into which the discharge <br />dissipates energy to avoid downstream channel degradation. <br /> <br />Stoplogs: A set of interchangeable fabricated steel or wood units lowered between walls <br />or piers to close a water passage in a dam, conduit, spillway, etc.; the logs are inserted in <br />slots one at a time. A lifting beam may be used for their installation. <br />