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<br /> <br />.... <br />CD <br />..c:. <br />'I, <br /> <br />capital costs and (2) energy costs. These two areas totaled 80 percent <br /> <br />of the water conversion costs, the division being 46, percent for energy <br /> <br />and 34 percent for the water plant capital costs. <br /> <br />Pinpointing the major cost item within two general areas shows that <br />the evaporator (shell and tubes alone) accounts for 62 percent of the <br />required plant investment and 22 percent of the water production cost, <br />This 22 percent is divided into two parts, 14 percent being required for <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />the condenser surface areas and 8 'percent for the evaporator shell. <br /> <br />The energy cost part of water conversion costs is divided between <br />39 percent for steam and 7 percent for electric power, The total of <br />evaporator capital costs (shell and tubes) plus the energy Charges is <br />74 percent of the cost of producing water. The remaining 26 percent of <br /> <br />water costs are divided over a large number of areas and items that make <br /> <br />major cost reductions extremely difficult. For example, chemical costs <br />and maintenance supplies are 8 percent and 2,6 percent, respectively, but <br /> <br />the chemical costs are fixed primarily by anti-scaling requirements, and <br /> <br />it is doubtful whether the cost of maintenance supplies could be greatly <br />reduced. Operating labor could possibly be reduced, but only with a <br /> <br />trad~off for more automatic control equipment. Such items as insurance <br /> <br />and indirect capital charges are dependent on total required plant capital <br /> <br />and would be reduced. if the plant investment were significantly reduced. <br /> <br />The most important single operating variable is steam cost and the <br />most important capital Charge is the evaporator--specifically, condenser <br /> <br />surface area. Therefore, these two variables were selected for further <br /> <br />analysis and for graphical presentation of their effects on water <br /> <br />production costs. <br /> <br />16 <br />