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<br />INTRODUCTION <br /> <br />In the early 1950's it was expected that a highly credible determination of <br />evaporation from reservoirs in the Colorado Basin was required because of <br />the need to divide the water between the Upper and Lower Basins according <br />to the Colorado River Compact of 1922. The average evaporation from <br />Colorado River Storage Project Reservoirs (Lake Powell, Flaming Gorge, <br />Navajo, Blue Mesa, Morrow Point and Crystal) is estimated at about 600,000 <br />acre-feet per year. About 80 percent of this is evaporated from Lake <br />Powell. Therefore, a plan was developed to measure and collect data. <br />Since that time it has been determined that the Upper Basin will probably <br />not be able to develop the 7,500,000 af per year allotted by the Colorado <br />River Compact*. Therefore, at the present time, the accuracy of the evap- <br />oration determination is not so critical. But the determination is still <br />needed for several purposes including water use and availability studies, <br />streamflow forecasting, and water budget studies. <br /> <br />This report describes and comparies several methods of determining evapora- <br />tion from Lake Powell. <br /> <br />METHODS OF DETERHINATION <br /> <br />Although evaporation from a reservoir cannot be measured directly, there <br />are several ways of determining it indirectly. One way is termed the water <br />budget method. In this method, the inflow must equal the outflow plus or <br />minus the change in storage. But this method cannot be applied to Lake <br />Powell because not all of the inflow can be measured and because the bank <br />storage cannot be measured. <br /> <br />Evaporation pan measurements can be used. This method is being used as a <br />check but it has disadvantages in that pans do not account for the change <br />in energy storage nor for advected energy. <br /> <br />A third way is the energy-budget method. If all of the energy entering and <br />leaving the Lake can be measured then the energy required to balance the <br />energy-budget is that needed for evaporation. This method is used as a <br />check at Lake Mead for annual values. This method requires data which is <br />expensive to obtain for periods of time shorter than I year. Since surface <br />area is changing during the year it was desirable to use a method for which <br />it was practical to obtain data to complete evaporation for periods of time <br />shorter than a year. <br /> <br />Another method is based on Dalton's law which says that the rate of evapor- <br />ation is a function of the differences in the vapor pressure at the <br />water surface. This is termed the mass transfer method and the one used in <br />this study. <br /> <br />*Nothing in this report is intended to interpret the provisions of the <br />Colorado River Compact (45 Stat. 1057), the Upper Colorado River Basin <br />Compact (63 Stat. 31), the Water Treaty of 1944 with the United Mexican <br />States (Treaty Series 994, 59 Stat. 1219), the Decree entered by the <br />Supreme Court of the United States in Arizona v. California et al. (379 <br />U.S. 340), the Boulder Canyon Project Act (45 Stat. 1057), the Boulder <br />Canyon Project Adjustment Act (54 Stat. 774; 43 U.S.C. 618a), the Colorado <br />River Storage Project Act (70 Stat. 105.; 43 U.S.C. 620), or the Colorado <br />River Basin Project Act (B2 Stat. B85; 43 U.S.C. 1501). Pursuant to the <br />Colorado River Basin Project Act (Public Law 90-537) of 1968. <br />