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20 (2) Should proceed with caution to develop background of expertise to handle both land and water planning. (3) Need to integrate metropolitan planning with rural area planning at all levels of government. (4) In determining appropriate planning areas and develop- ing the plans, maximum consideration should be given to the need for and ease of obtaining public participation in smaller subregions oI the area. (5) Planning must be done in recognition of physiographic, economic, social and political boundaries. 2. Does P. L. 89-80 provide adequate authorities to river basin commissions? Yes, with the following listed stipulations: A. ~ Commissions, with certain changes in existing law. can ~' function effectively for Federal, State-local-nongovernmental joint planning, for coordination, and for recommending priorities for management. The following changes should be considered in this respect: (1) Securing explicit integration of land use planning and water planning at regional levels through river basin commissions will require amendment to P. L. 89-80. (2) Federal-State cost-sharing for commission operating expenses should reflect the prim.ary Federal interest in interstate cooperation. (3) Authority and procedures should be clarified for review of major public and private project proposals for consistency with comprehensive plans. B. As commissions move in development of comprehensive coordinated joint plans for their regions, prospect s of eHec- tive and timely management of water and related land resources will improve. In certain circumstances, needs for new mechan- isms for intensive management within the commission regions should be found. Consideration should be given to amending P. L. 89-80 to facilitate the development oI needed management mechanisms, whether new institutions, or additional authorities vested in individual Title II Commissions on an individual basis. General principles applicable to implementing such mechanisms are: