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<br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />~ Domestic (in-house) water quality related damages have been <br />en studied by several potable water supply agencies, The earliest study is <br />~ one done by the Orange County Water District in 1972.11 That study ex- <br />~ hibited the many different patterns of behavior found between households <br />using potable water of less than 600 mg/1 of hardness and those using <br />water of more than 600 mg/1 of hardness, e.g., in use of bottled water, <br />life of water heaters, and satisfaction with water. The study also <br />found a household monthly willingness to pay for high quality water <br />(State Water Project water) of $2.80, although quality-related household <br />costs averaged $12 per month. The discrepancy was not explained. <br /> <br />Tihansky carried out a careful study of the entire U.S.12 He <br />estimated annual national damages of $1.75 billion (1970 dollars), or <br />$8.60 per capita annually. California had the highest total damage of <br />$230 million per year, while Arizona has the highest per capita damage <br />of $21.93. The states relevant for this study had the following annual <br />per capita domestic damages: <br /> <br />California <br /> <br />$21. 93 <br />11.30 <br /> <br />Arizona <br /> <br />Nevada <br /> <br />10,40 <br /> <br />13. <br />D'Arge and Eubanks made estimates of the present value of dam- <br />ages experienced by a typical Los Angeles household and found the range <br />to be $620 to $1,010 for an increase from 200 to 700 ppm, This appears <br />to be substantially higher than the earlier studies indicated. The study <br />covered only the Los Angeles area and thus is not coterminous with the <br />entire region using Colorado River water for potable purposes. <br /> <br />llwater Quality and Consumer Costs, Orange County Water District, <br />Santa Ana, California, May 1972. Also available in George M. Wesner, <br />"The Importance of Salinity in Urban Water Management," Chapter 6 in <br />J, Ernest Flack and Charles W. Howe, Salinity in Water 'Resources, Boulder, <br />Colorado: Merriman Publishing Co., 1974. <br /> <br />12Dennis P. Tihansky, ,"Economic Damages from Residential Use of <br />Mineralized Water Supply," Water Resources Research, Vol. 10, No.2, April <br />1974. <br /> <br />13Ra1ph C. d'Arge and Larry Eubanks, '~unicipa1 and Industrial <br />Consequences of Salinity in the Colorado River Service Area of California," <br />Appendix 4 in Andersen and Kleinman, op. cit. <br /> <br />III-I0 <br /> <br />, <br />