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<br />II <br /> <br />001571 <br /> <br />5. .THE EFFECTS OF WEATH~ MODIFICATION ON THE ALPINE ECOSYSTEM <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />'- <br /> <br />58 <br /> <br />5.1 <br /> <br />INTRODUCTION <br /> <br />58 <br /> <br />5.2 <br /> <br />THE INFLUENCE OF SNOW AND INCREASED SNOWFALL ON CONTEMPORARY GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES IN ALPINE AREAS <br />5.2.1 Introduction <br />5.2.2 Quasi - continuous processes <br />5.2.2.1 Hypothesis 1 <br />5.2.2.2 Hypothesis 2 <br />5.2.2.3 Quasi - continuous processes: summary <br />5.2.3 Episodic Processes <br />5.2.3.1 Snow avalanches <br />5.2.3.2 Rockfall <br />5.2.3.3 Mudflows <br />5.2.3.4 Episodic processes: summary <br />5.2.4 The Geomorphic Effects of WOSA <br />5.2.4.1 Quasi - continuous processes <br />5.2.4.2 Episodic processes <br />5.2.5 Conclusion <br /> <br />59 <br />59 <br />59 <br />59 <br />60 <br />68 <br />69 <br />69 <br />69 <br />70 <br />71 <br />71 <br />73 <br />75 <br />78 <br /> <br />5.3 <br /> <br />PREDICTING SOME EFFECTS OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ON ALPINE VEGETATION <br /> <br />81 <br />81 <br />81 <br />82 <br />82 <br />82 <br />83 <br />83 <br />83 <br />83 <br />85 <br />85 <br />88 <br />91 <br />91 <br />92 <br />92 <br />92 <br />92 <br />93 <br />95 <br />95 <br />97 <br /> <br />5.3.1 <br />5.3.2 <br />5.3.3 <br /> <br />Proj ec t Design <br />Phytocoenology and Ordination Studies <br />Snow Fence Experiments: Primary Production Modeling <br />5.3.3.1 The function of primary,production in the ecosystem <br />5.3.3.2 Anticipated effects of snow fences on production <br />5.3.3.3 Methods <br />Site selection and plot description <br />Canopy ,description and biomass estimates <br />Abiotic measurements <br />Modeling <br />5.3.3.4 Results <br />5.3.3.5 Discussion <br />Snow Fence Experiments: Decomposition Studies <br />5.3.4.1 the function of decoIDposition in the ecosystem <br />5.3.4.2 Anticipated effects of increased snow cover on ,decomposition rates <br />5.3.4.3 Methods <br />5.3.4.4 Results and discussion <br />Williams Lake Basin <br />Eldorado Lake Basin <br />Snow Fence effects <br />Conclusions From This Interim Progress Report <br />Recommendations For Future Studies <br /> <br />5.3.4 <br /> <br />5.3.5 <br />5.3.6 <br /> <br />5.4 <br /> <br />THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED SNOWPACK ON THE PHENOLOGY OF SELECTED ALPINE SPECIES <br />5.4.1 Introduction <br />5.4.2 History of the Work <br />5.4.3 Summary of the Results <br />5.4.3.1 Phenology and physical factors <br />5.4.3.2 Evaluation of phenological techniques <br />5.4.3.3 Increased snow accumulation and seed germinability <br />5.4.3.4 Relevance of this research <br /> <br />100 <br />100 <br />100 <br />100 <br />100 <br />100 <br />100 <br />107 <br /> <br />5.5 <br /> <br />DENDROCHRONOLOGY AND DENDROECOLOGY <br />5.5.1 Introduction <br />5.5.2 Coring Stations <br />5.5.3 Analysis <br />5.5.4 Trend Analysis - A Preliminary Evaluation <br />5.5.4.1 Description of the Trend Method <br />5.5.4.2 Application of the Trend Method <br />5.5.5 Climatic Correlation Analysis <br />5.5.5.1 Data Evaluation <br />5.5.5.2 Data Analysis <br />5.5.6 Recommendation <br /> <br />108 <br />108 <br />108 <br />108 <br />108 <br />108 <br />110 <br />110 <br />114 <br />114 <br />118 <br /> <br />5.6 <br /> <br />ECOLOGICAL OVERVIEW. PART 1. VEGETATION MAPPING <br />5.6.1 Introduction <br />5.6.2 Mapping Methodology <br />5.6.3 Human Influence on Vegetation Cover <br />5.6.4 Climatic Factors <br />5.6.5 Successional Factors <br />5.6.6 Cover Types <br />5.6.7 Map Products <br />5.6.8 Areal Distribution of Cover Types - Detailed Maps <br /> <br />121 <br />121 <br />121 <br />121 <br />123 <br />124 <br />124 <br />126 <br />126 <br /> <br />2 <br /> <br />:,i;,.:,..;;;,; <br />