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WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND URBAIl WUER AND ENVIRONMEHTAL INFRASTRUC~ SYSTEMS ~ , f. ~ I .. 1.0 Introduction urban water and environmental infrastructure systems (UWEISs) for water supply, wastewater, and stormwater management are vital to maintaining our future leading role in the world (Stakhiv et al. 1987). The United States is faced with the prospect of major expenditures for infrastructure while at the same time trying to resolve major problems with a large federal deficit. Much of this UWEIS is beginning to crumble due to neglect and lack of mainte- nance as well as because of obsolescence (National Science Foundation 1993). Existing UWEISs were typically planned as part of a public sector watershed development whose objective was to tame our natural systems for the better- ment of mankind. While this infrastructure has provided many significant benefits, it has also left a legacy of destruction of our natural systems including wetlands, canyons, cultural displacement, and pollution of our surface and ground waters. During the past twenty years, a new environmental ethic has emerged that questions.the basic assumptions of much the develop- ment of UWEISs. We now see very strong public opposition to virtually all of our supply augmentation methods, sag_, dams, pipelines, levees, and an in- sistence that we greatly improve our management of the demand for these services such as water supply and flood control. The 1993 Great Flood on the Mississippi River has prompted the creation of a Presidential Commission to reevaluate the wisdom of conventional flood control policies (Floodplain Management Review Committee 1994). The desirability of large dams and levee systems is being questioned, and non-structural options like restoration of wetlands are being given serious consideration. We even see initiatives to eliminate existing infrastructure to recreate the original river, e.g., the Kissimmee River in Florida. Future UWEISs will emphasize real-time control of smart systems, demand management, multi-purpose design and operation, explicit treatment of risk, and use of sophisticated computer-based management systems. This proposal outlines a methodology for demonstrating that an integrated systems approach to the problem can significantly improve our ability to manage urban infra- structure as a subsystem of a watershed management program. The literature review demonstrates that such concepts have been espoused before but were never successfully demonstrated for urban areas. Part of the reason was the lack of computing resources that is no longer a problem. A key element of this proposal is to demonstrate the proof of concept using the Boulder Creek Watershed (Bew) and the City of Boulder as the case study. The next section presents a literature review on this subject. Then, the BCW is described and the proposed research program is outlined. 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Watershed as a Unifying ~heme 2.1.1 Overview The concept of integrated water and land management was first articulat- ed in the western United States by John Wesley Powell in a report to the Congress in 1878 (Peterson, 1984). During the 20th century, interest in watershed planning has come and gone several times. Heaney (1993) suggests that the current wave of interest in watershed based planning and management 1