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<br />" . <br /> <br />Channel losses <br /> <br />MODSIM includes the capability of removing channel losses <br />directly. A loss coefficient for each reach is included in data <br />input. This coefficient represents the fraction of flow at the <br />terminal node of the link that is lost during transition through <br />the link. <br /> <br />Stream-Aquifer System Simulation <br /> <br />It was stated previously that the network must be fully <br />circulating in order to use the network solution method. This <br />is accomplished by adding artificial nodes and links to the <br />actual system, which is automatically carried out internally in <br />the model. <br /> <br />The fully circulating network with inclusion of artificial nodes <br />and arcs is shown in the attached figure. Note that in this <br />figure, a groundwater node is assumed to be a single node <br />sink with large storage capacity. Groundwater storage in <br />each of several aquifer sections can, however, still be <br />determined and traced by specifying node numbers and link <br />numbers to each aquifer section. <br /> <br />The groundwater node represents the groundwater storage <br />reservoir which is hydraulically connected with the river. This <br />node is connected with the surface water system nodes by <br />two sets of links; one set emanates "from" the node and <br />another set flows "to" the node. <br /> <br />The links from the groundwater nodes represent return flow <br />links to river section nodes on the river, as well as pumping <br />links for demand nodes. <br /> <br />22 <br />