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<br />Artificial total initial storage and inflow node <br /> <br />This node is added to serve as a basic water source node. <br />The node is connected to each real node via a link which <br />serves to carry initial storage to the storage nodes, or as an <br />inflow link for streamflow input, or both. It is also connected <br />to the groundwater node by a link which provides initial <br />storage for the groundwater node. The link lower and upper <br />bounds are set equal to each other, with the values being the <br />initial storages for each reservoir and streamflow at each <br />inflow point. <br /> <br />Link Capacities and Losses <br /> <br />Variable Upper and Lower Bounds on T .inks <br /> <br />All physical links in the network must be bounded from <br />above and below. MODSIM includes the capability of - <br />allowing the user to input constant bounds for each link, or <br />varying daily, weekly or monthly maximum flow limits for <br />some links. The latter are useful for considering seasonal <br />influences in canal capacities and maintenance schedules. <br /> <br />Variable T .inkage Cost <br /> <br />The basic model option assigns arbitrary "pseudo" costs for <br />flows in river reaches to one unit and pump canals to two <br />units, automatically. For certain problems where it would be <br />desirable to include pumping costs, MODSIM provides the <br />additional option of input of varying cost for each linkage in <br />the network. Negative costs can be entered to represent <br />benefits such as from low head hydropower production. <br /> <br />21 <br />