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<br />:,,' 0005H <br /> <br />cJ, = cost of transporting one unit of water from real <br />node i to the artificial storage node k during period t <br /> <br />OPRPit = user input priority for meeting the target <br />storage level at node i during period t (number between <br />1 and 99, with a lower number representing a higher <br />priority) <br /> <br />k = artificial storage node <br />i = real node . <br />t = month, week or day <br /> <br />A fmal storage arc must also be employed to compensate for <br />situations when (due to the nature of inflows and priorities) <br />the reservoir storage must exceed the target level. <br /> <br />The final storage arc connects each reservoir with the <br />artificial storage node in the same manner as the desired <br />storage arc. However, its lower bound equals zero and its <br />cost equals zero. The upper bound is set equal to the <br />difference between the maximum storage capacity (or, top of <br />the power pool, if desired) and the target storage level, minus <br />an estimate of evaporation for this case. The total real node <br />storage volume becomes the sum of the flow in both of these <br />arcs upon solution by the network algorithm. <br /> <br />Artificial spill arcs <br /> <br />MODSIM employs artificial spill arcs which help maintain <br />feasibility in the network solution. These arcs have the <br />highest unit cost of all arcs in the network. Each real storage <br />node is linked with the artificial spill node by one artificial <br />arc. The lower bound equals zero while the upper bound <br />equals the total capacity of all reservoirs multiplied by 10. <br />The unit cost associated with the transfer of water through a <br />spill arc is 10,000 multiplied by its preferential order. <br /> <br />16 <br />