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<br />C",t.'n \f"Mnl~m Go/11m !.l>!lr COl<rr,hjl>S~"'''',I'''' R~NJrI
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<br />The territorial tlchuviol> n.hii>ilcd hy the golden eagles wm: I)-pical of thai frum recent
<br />1il..ralure. The pair aClivcl~ defended their Icrril(lT)' from olher area hald and golden cilgln.
<br />induding an il'llruding. r"s~illk floala female l!"hkn cagle, showing interest in one of the
<br />historic nests on emhon Muuntain. \\bilc undulating flight is usually sufficient to maintain
<br />terrih.r}' houndarics for J!.o]dl:n eagk'S (Mnrtlulfct 31 ]997l,lIllgrc:ssivcimcllll:lionSlll"C bs
<br />"c,mmon (Kochcrt C1 aI. 2002}. 'fbc, ('arb..,n Mounwin eagles. however. exhibited ctla.~ing and
<br />souring b.:ha...ior more often than undulatiuns in ftSP"nse \0 intruding eagles_ It is possible.
<br />h,'",cn'T. that ohscrvcrs failed hl delect intnldcr.< in the lerrit,,!'), <1" une or mure occ8.~i"n when
<br />uther undululIlIg tlighldi~playswl.'"re ohserved. Fnrexample, v,l.'"ohser\'ed]1 undulating 1118hl
<br />displays in which neilher innuders norcoU/bhip I'>chavioTllwcre observed (Tahle 2), Irmuders
<br />1nlI) have l>et"n present un s<\me or all of lilt"se ocea.iun.., hut wt"re nUl visible flllm our
<br />tlhscrValioll poin\. Because ulldulaling fligbldispla}'s arc more oflcn a.'il<>cialw wilb lcrrilorilll
<br />dispUlCS lhan with c"amhir ""'hu"jOT OlillTllula 1982),11 is li~e1y lMt lIlos1 of 1M undulaling
<br />di'rlays wererelalt"dltlwrrilorial behavior.
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<br />The rail' t"xhihilcd numl."roll~ wunship aerial displays. including landem night. rnlling
<br />maneuveTll,talnlljUa'ping,andundulalingnii!hl. !\Iloflhe.e""'havinrs~ll'pica]oflhe
<br />e"unship and pre.incuh;\wr)' pt"riod for goldt"n t"u]1lcs (J.,;ochcn el al. 2()(I2), BOlh lhe male and
<br />female were oh:;cl'\'cd p<'rforming undulaling l1ighl disrlays JU-'l prior 10 or OIlier ol/1er courtship
<br />""havi"rs; however, a.s I'rninu~]y' mcnli,'noo, some of the addilillna] undulaling displays IIIllY
<br />have lI<.'en n:lmed 10 lerrilorial hclmvior. Thl.'" liming of counship behavior for the Carbon
<br />Mounlain callies was c"Mi'I~'nl Wilh olhcr lcmp<'rale arell.S wh~'n: gl'lden ca!!les are year-ruund
<br />Il.'"sid"n\s(]lickman I%ll in Kochenetal. 2002,llunlCl al. 19Q7).
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<br />The e..gh:swcreobser\-ooldurhishingon",(ncsl C, Figun: 2)uflhe llu<<elliSlingnesls
<br />un the ,,"c,tem facc on lhe m"untain, with peak aClivit)' In ",arly FehruiU)'. Typically. go]dt:n
<br />l;a;:ks ;ldd m'w mal",ri"lln and maimain allemale n"'~t.s within lheir lerrilmy (Knche" et al
<br />20(2), Wed.dnoIOhsl.'T\-e.ho\<cver,any'ncSlhuildingmmaimenaneeaelivilyalcilhernflhe
<br />olher lWU neSlS during euun.\hip m"niloring. The fn:sh J!r~'Cner)' Ihat was oh!ICl'\'ed in the ncs1 in
<br />earlylchruarywushkcl}'lhcmalerialuscdforthch<,wloflhcncsl,whichisusuallyconstruclw
<br />wilhinsc\'Crul v.ceksof",gJ!.]aying (K"chcrtetal. ~O(2).
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<br />''<("111''110'"
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<br />]neuh;uil'" aClivilics perfurmed hy the eagles in 2004 were a]so Il'pieal of Ihal
<br />dOl;umenlcd in the liler;l\ure ror lhis sll'-'cics. The f",male pcrf"rmcd Ihe majurily of lhe
<br />ineuNllioll. whill" lhc male anend~'(/ 1(> Ihe femak hy de1i\'cring fwd lnlhe nest and periodically
<br />rdic\'ingthe felllllll"10 incuNltelhe eggs. Thel.'"opul"lion we ohscrvedjusl days afler the nnsct
<br />ofincuhallUn"aslikclYoneofllumcrousallcmrlsbylhl;maleloferlili/.-CIheseeondeB,8laidhy
<br />Ihe kmale. The !en!!!h uf llu: im:uhatil1n pha.'e was wilhin the nunna! Tilnge for goldeo ","glc:s
<br />(]<;<>.;hen '-'I 01. ~O(2), and lh~'re were no sign.~ of unusual aeti,'il} ny' cilhcr adull dunng Ihis
<br />periN,
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