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<br />c~.f"", .I/"u~I,,,,. GoIl!.l~!lklr C""m^m Summ<>n' Rrrxm
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<br />('UI Rl'llIr-'NIli'iF.ST BllUll'f;
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<br />Gold~11 eagles perform II variely of bchavillrs during cour1ship. MIgratory e8@lc:s bC{l.in
<br />1',111' r<lmlaliulI upon n:lUm 10 the breeding gnl\Jlld~ in Jatc winler or early spring: howevn',
<br />rcmlcnls, su<;h as ,he CaTholl Mountain cagles. remain on ,he nesting territory year.round. I'll'.
<br />nesting aCljvitic~ c\lJJsis\ of territory defense. cIlurtship aerial cli,'rlay.. nes, building ami/or
<br />rwunlcnanc.e. and copulation /Knchm cl al. 2002). ~fale lLod female goldcn cagll:'!l ddcnd and
<br />mainl.:!in I~TIilOl!' lI<,undarics b}' exhibiting undulating llijilil displays 01' high wariog mIlkt
<br />(lliUlTlala 1'1112. Marzluffcllll. 1997. \\'alS<1n 19971. During undulating night. the cagln
<br />perfnrm a scrics of dives and upward swoops, often sl"lhngbricOratthclopbcforc plungmg
<br />duwnwatd again (Ellis 1979 in "o(hcrt et al. 200:::), l:ndulating flight mar also be IClwciatro
<br />\lith courtship l>ehavior(llahal 19119 in Kochert et ai, 2n(2). Other aerial displays assodlllro
<br />"lth court-d1ip include mutual soaring. circling. chases and dives. mod allll(b, and tandem
<br />;I<"rial display Iwllingand li><>l lllu,'hing) (Ross ]941 in Kp;;hcrtc\al. 2(02). Nest huildingand
<br />mainlcIlaJICema}'occur}car-mund h}' resident cagles; hUl peak activil}' iSll.~uallybet\\"CCfllale'
<br />Janual')' hI ellI]y-March (Wal<on 19971. Copulation may also occur year-round. hut is mOSI
<br />fr<~ucl1l prim III el.l.ll-Ia}'ing (Palm.1' 19811 in Kochertel al. 2002). CopullllionlTUlY he follo\l'1'd
<br />h} courtship a,'rial display~ nrexlcndcd periods ufperching logether (IlannataI982),
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<br />l"nB,nlO~
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<br />The incuhallllO pha.;c ranges frum 41 to 4~ days for golden eagles, with an avernge of
<br />42.4 days (Ko.:hertel al. 20(2). The femalc hegins in(uh.llion afier the firlt egg is laid (V,'hecler
<br />20mJ:ho"evcr.femalesmaysilonthencstinlheincuh"tionpnsturebcforelayingeEllisl979
<br />in Kocher! el aL 2(02). Clutch Sill.' normall} rnn!!es from 1-3 eggs (DeGroot 1928, Ra)' 1928
<br />andOord"n 1955. all in Kl....hert et aL 2(02). "ith eg!;slaid at 3-4 da}'int,-rvalsev,,'heelcr2003J .
<br />l'em"lcs do tm- mlLjorit}' of the in'uhminn. I1llhouj,!h. male~ will rdie\"e females for ~hort hoUIS to
<br />allo" Ih,m to f.lr~j,!e ICollopy 1 9841. ~fale~ may deliver r",od to incuhatjn~ femalo;!;; howevcr,
<br />fenl"lcsnlayhcfolcedlofnmlleifmlLlesarein;'llemive(Collnpyl'l&4)"
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<br />The neslling pha.\C includtj; the time from hmching until the young first leave lhe nest
<br />(Oedgc). The duration (If the nestling peri"d varies but ma) tan!;e frum 45-&1 day, (C'nrdun
<br />1955 in f,;ochcr1 et ill. 2{)()2. Kochen CI al. 2(02). lIalchintl i, a~)'nchronou.~ (Wal"'" Ilj(7).
<br />l-.iI!;ICl~ arc Clwcrro "ith white d""T1Y feathcrs upnn hatching, hut "ill ~lo,,'ly develop inlo
<br />juvenile pluml1i,!e durini,! the nestling period, Fur tm: first ;Ippro~imatel}" 20 days after hutching.
<br />the }'oung arc dependent u"ndults toregulale hod}"ICmpCralure; th(.'feforc, thcp....rcnls (usually
<br />Ihe femllle) will spend mu<;h "ftheir time hrnnding and shad;n!! tilc young (Watson 1'1'17) llolh
<br />the male and femnle "111 also hring fnod '" the young in the nest (Ellis 1979 in Kochert et aL
<br />2002,ColI,.p}' [QM4landperfurmnestsaniUltion.
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<br />FI'uI(;UM;
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<br />The l1edglinll phase begins when nesdings first Iea\'e Ihe nest and eXlend~ until
<br />indercndenre, OIl which time the adults di.'play territllrialily I"wards th(ir young. On avers!;e,
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<br />Erwl.i!r't V<Vj'fl'Il!wmal Mn'jUi
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