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<br />-14- <br /> <br />River water use in the United States, which is approximately <br /> <br />10,000,000 per acre feet per year. Others opine that the Supreme <br /> <br />Court has recently placed under a cloud of uncertainty the PIA <br /> <br />standard and noted willingness to reconsider its universal <br />1. b'l' 17/ <br />app ~ca ~ ~~y. -- <br /> <br />On the other hand, others have argued that the PIA <br />standard unreasonably limits ~he quantification of Indian <br /> <br />water rights to a formula based on reservation size. They <br /> <br />stress that water rights should be quantified on the basis <br />of other Indian needs such as municipal, domestic, stock <br /> <br />watering, propagation and harvesting of fish, recreation and <br /> <br />industrial purposes in addition to irrigation. Also of <br /> <br />particular importance is water for the development of energy <br /> <br />related resources. Many of these observers would have Indian <br />water rights quantified only on the basis of open-ended <br />decrees which could be modified to expand the rights as <br /> <br />Indian needs and uses increase. <br /> <br />Although the law of reserved water rights requires that <br />such rights be recognized only for the purposes for which a <br />reservation was established ~/ and limits the water right <br />f If'll ,," 19/ <br />to u ~ ment of chose purposes and no more, -- proponents <br />of the expanded view of Indian water rights argue that the <br /> <br />purpose for which Indian reservations were reserved was to <br /> <br />create for the members of the tribe a "tribal homeland." <br /> <br />This definition, they insist, both acurately reflects histori- <br />cal reality and provides for recognition of expansive Indian <br />water rights. <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />