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000803 Federal Regisler I Vol. 46. No. 128 I Monday. July 6. 1981 I Notices 35063 B. Walet' Requirements for Unil-Sized Facilities Waler requirements estimates for unit-sized facilities were determined for each of the energy conversion processes under consideralion. These estimates were based on available dala from small-8eale experimental facililies. theoretical calculations. and .imilar infonnalion. The estimates are general due 10 the wide range in waler requirements among individual process technologies. varying efriciencie. of cooling equipment differences in lit and water pollution control measures, and facility design options. Table 4 present' the ranga in waler requirements for unit- sized synfuelJ facilities and the values selected for use in the assessment which liSBurne zero return flows. Table ..-Watsr Requi'emen1S lot Unit-SiNd SynfuBU FM:iliti8s '- ,- -- 11'-__~ -- - -- - ..... 01 so.. c..n--_ .........,..- 1..Ow,_CM~ SO.OOOtal.,.,. r.;o_~",,'I" 2!oO__....v.... ~ r.-l.5 >--'A" " " '" Information presented in Tables 3 and 4 wal then integrated to estimale annual watet consumption for synfuels development in eRch development area, Estimates of water requirements for associated gro.....th were added to Include provision for waler supplies for municipal industrial and other purposes Table 5.-AnnuaI mJle.- Requiroments-2000 11.000_,...1 that may .ccompany synfuels development rrable 5). -- . , '- ~............-.- -- - -- - ...........-~ .... .- ""~..... ..... ,- Uppooo.-__ '" . ... m ., VInIpI""-'_ . . . " .~ -- ~'.~ '" .. ~, ,.... >> 111' - ." . '" M. . ... u,.p.c-~FI__S- '" . a. ro .. M --- . . . " . ... San~A,..., c0..- ." , ,.., '" , .n -- .. . .. .. . .. .- .. . ~ ",. M ....I.a C. Wastewater MOlIagfIment for Synfuels Technologirn The wastewalerl produced by synfuel facilities wiD come from water used for processing. cooling and sanitary purposes, and from surface runoff and mine drainatltl or dewatering. Under the assumption that wa.lewater effiuent guidelines .....U1 be continued in their current Form. disposal of the wastewalen will probably be through evaporation. uh disposalshaJe compaction, and similar means, rather than by discharge 10 a surface stream, t. Cool ClJsificotion. Coalg8sificatlon facilities generate two separate wasle......ter stream5-8 blowdown slream of highly saline water From boiler makeup and cooling tower walers, and a process condensate stream containing various concentrations of ammonia. carbon dio;ll;ide, phenols. .nd Olher organics. IF lhe process condensate slream is added to the cooling towen feedwaler. the blowdown stream ""ill contain both saline Bnd organic contaminants. Theee wastewater Itreams can be used for dust control if leachable I8IltS, ammonia. .nd pheno18 .re eufficiently reduced. Alternatively, the wasle streams can be used to wet down the coal asb If the ash site II designed to prevent groundwater contamination. The estimated costs of disposing euch wastewalers through appropriate we In evaporative cooling towers. dust control and ash compaction are about 2.1 cente per million Btu of product output Z. Oil Shaltl Mining ond Retorting. Oil shale mining may require management of large quantitiel of brackish mine drainage water. The retorting will produce saline blowdown from boilers and cooling towen and proceu condennle water containing ol'Janics. I.e.. w.ete stream. similar to. though not IdenUcal wilh. those from coal gasification plants. The brackish mine water might be used, in whole or in part. as a supply source For plant cooling and procell waler. [lIceSS mine water would ha,'e 10 be either reinjeded underground or treated beFore dischal'Je to a surfacr stream. Depending on the process n!led 10 dispo8e of lpent shale, significant quantltlH of wastewater could be used to moisten the shale after processing. One alternative for spent shale disposal would Involve faisins its in-place moisture content to convert the spent shale to 8 compacted. relatively Impermeable and inert fill material, which would probably not contaminate lurface streams or groundwater. This could consume .U wastewater produced by the blowdown and process condensate streaml. The second .lternative Involveslinin8 a ,.alley with a thin. impermeable layer of wmpacled spent shale Ihat ie wetted dawn. The remainder of the epentshale would be depoaited Into the lined baeio and compacted but oot wetted down e:tlcept for dust wn(rol Since less than t percent of the spent shale would be wetted down. thle alternative would use much less wutewater than the First altemati"e.