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<br />002823 <br /> <br />A warning system may include the monitoring of conditions with potential for <br />causing a catastrophic event (e.g., snowpack, storm development) and signs <br />instructing people within the potentially hazardous area of proper procedures <br />(figure ). Automatic sensors, located within slide-prone areas, with <br />effective linkages to a central communication warning facility and, thence, to <br />individuals with disaster management responsibilities, are sometimes used. <br /> <br />Emergency operations include evacuation, shelter and care, cleanup, and <br />provision of essential services and activities. Subsequently, during the <br />rehabilitation/recovery stage, the actual response is evaluated and planning <br />and preparation activities are modified accordingly. <br /> <br />An emergency preparedness system can be an effective tool for protecting <br />present inhabitants of landslide hazard areas. Unfortunately, the technique <br />is limited in its ability to protect property and facilities at risk. <br /> <br />Table 5.1 lists a variety of techniques that can be used to modify the <br />vulnerability of the cOl1DDunity to lands1iding. Appendix "B" discusses these <br />techniques in greater detail. <br /> <br />Modifying the Physical System <br /> <br />Physical modification is undertaken where human infringement on an unstable <br />area already poses an unacceptable risk, but where measures such as zoning are <br />precluded by the cost of resettlement, value or scarcity of land, or vested <br />traditional rights. Physical measures can be directed toward either control <br />and stabilization or protective functions. <br /> <br />When selecting and designing physical mitigation measures, it should be <br />recognized that it is not possible, feasible, or even necessarily desirable to <br />prevent all slope movements. Furthermore, some landslide areas that <br />potentially could be mitigated may not be developed when the cost of <br />mitigation is balanced against other alternatives such as the availability of <br />other sites. <br /> <br />Precautions concerning over-reliance on physical methods: Large <br />hazard-control structures are costly and require lead time for planning and <br />design, land acquisition, permitting, and construction. Structures also may <br /> <br />- 38 - <br />