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<br />r>;"i795 <br />iJ u. . <br /> <br />the claims fulfill one of the primary purposes for which the National Forests were created. <br />namely to "secure favorable conditions of water flows." <br /> <br />The authors of this Repon were given the responsibility for determining the minimum <br />amount of water, if any, necessary to ensure that the stream channels on the National Forests <br />would maintain proper function. As such, two questions were presented: <br /> <br />1. Is some quantity of flow in the stream necessary to maintain channels. i.e.. to <br />maintain the ability of the channel in National Forests lands to transmit favorable <br />flow? <br /> <br />2. If so, what is the minimum amount of water necessary to achieve this task? <br /> <br />While answering the first question, the focus of this Repon is to describe. in detail. the <br />methodology employed to answer the second question -- what is the minimum amount of water <br />necessary to maintain the ability of the river channels to pass natural flows over the long-term. <br /> <br />The authors of this report are Dr. M. Gordon Wolman, The Johns Hopkins University; <br />Dr. William Emmett, private consultant; Dr. Peter Whiting, Case Western Reserve University; <br />Mr. Robert Thomas, private consultant; and Dr. John King, Forest Service Research, Rocky <br />Mountain Research Station. Contributors included Dr. Jack Schmidt, Utah State University and <br />Mr. Larry Schmidt, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Stream Systems Technology Center. <br /> <br />A. Purposes of Forest Service's Claims <br /> <br />The. Forest Service has filed claims for reserved water rights for instream flows. Under <br />the reserved water rights doctrine, when Congress withdraws land from the public domain and <br />reserves it for a federal purpose, water is also reserved, by implication, to the extent necessary to <br />effectuate the purpose(s) for which the land was reserved. With respect to the National Forests <br />lands the United States Supreme Court has determined that the National Forests were established <br />for two primary purposes. These include: <br /> <br />"securing favorable conditions of water flows and to <br />furnish a continuous supply of timber for the use and <br />necessities of the citizens of the United States...." <br /> <br />United States v, New Mexico, 438 U.S. 696, 706-707 (1978). Accordingly, when National <br />Forest lands were reserved, the United States also reserved, by implication, the amount of water <br />necessary to effectuate the purpose of "securing favorable conditions of water flows." <br /> <br />1. Securing Favorable Conditions of Water Flows <br /> <br />"Favorable conditions of water flows" are associated with two aspects of the hydrologic <br />cycle: forests as moderators of runoff and streamflow, and maintenance of the continuity of the <br />United States' Expert Report Disclosing Melhodologies for Quantification of Organic Ad Claims ConaoIidated Subcase No. 63-25243 <br /> <br />5 <br />