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<br />NOTES
<br />EffENT OF INDIAN WATER RIGHTS ON
<br />._~----'---~--~-_.. .
<br />RESERVATIONS IN THE WEST
<br />
<br />427
<br />
<br />.......
<br />
<br />As the water resources of the arid and semi-arid west are
<br />approaching the point of total consumptive use, the problem of
<br />the amount of water for the use of Indians on reservations de-
<br />mands solution, With the advent of basin-wide programs for
<br />irrigation development by the Bureau of Reclamation full usage
<br />of all the water resources in the reclaiming of land for agricul-
<br />tural purposes is contemplated, Thus the amount of 'water re-
<br />served for the use of the Indians becomes of primary importance
<br />in determining how much water is available for the white man's
<br />use under these programs,
<br />
<br />Reservations were created in most of the states and terri-
<br />tories of the West to supply the Indians with land on which their
<br />mode of life could be changed from a nomadic to a pastoral
<br />existence in conformity with white man's standards, Grants of
<br />land were made by treaties and agreements with the various
<br />tribes for use as Reservations, These treaties and agreements
<br />are, by Article VI, clause 2 of the Federal Constitution, the
<br />supreme law of the land, "anything in the constitution or laws of
<br />any state to the contrary notwithstanding," Thus the Indian
<br />rights under these treaties and agreements could not and cannot
<br />be superseded or affected by state laws or constitutions,
<br />
<br />That the Federal Government had the power to reserve
<br />waters flowing through Territories and except them from appro-
<br />priation under state laws was decided in U,S, v, Rio Grande
<br />lrrigation Co..' In Winters v, U,S"a the court determined that
<br />the United States had a right to reserve waters for the use of
<br />
<br />IThe further problem i'O presented though not here discussed of bow
<br />and to whom these amounts will be charged under tbe Colorado River Com.
<br />pact and the Rio Grande River Compacts.
<br />'174 U, B, 690, 19 B, Ct, 770, 46 L. ed, 619 (1899); aee alao U, B, v,
<br />Wlnano, 198 U, B. 371, 25 B. Ct. 662, 49 L, ed. 1089 (1905). rev'd 73 Fed, 72
<br />(C, C, A. Wooh, 1896).
<br />'207 U, B, 564, 28 B, Ct. 207, 52 t.' ed, 340 (C. C. A. 9th, 1906), Fa!,
<br />lowed In U. S. v. Powers, 306 U. S. 527, 69 S. Ct. 805 (1939); V. S. v.
<br />McIntire, 101 F(2d) 650 (C. C, A. 9th. 1939): U, B. v. ParklnB, IS F,(2d)
<br />642 (0, C, Wyo, 1926); U, B. v, Hibner, 27 F.(2d) 909,911 (0, C, Idaho
<br />1928): U. S. v. Morrison ConsoUdated Ditch Co. (Equity No. 7736 D. C. Colo.
<br />1931-unr6ported); Anderson v. Spear-Morgan Livestock Co., - Mont. -,
<br />79 P,(2d) 667 (1938); Conrad Investment Co. v. U. B.. 161 Fed. 829, 88
<br />C. C. A. 647 (C. C. A. 9th, 1908); b1Lt compo-re Skeen v. U. S., 273 Fed.
<br />93 (C, C. A. 9th, 1921); MaBon v, SawB, 6 F,(2d) 266 (0, C, Wash. 1926):
<br />ana Bee U. 8. v. Wightman, 230 Fed. 277 (D. C. Ariz. 1916); Byers v. Wa-
<br />W...Ne, 86 Ore, 617. 169 Pac, 121 (1917).
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