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<br />~'.~ ...-.: <br /> <br />, <br />I" <br />I <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />d <br />" <br /> <br />- 21 - <br /> <br />I" <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />"(b) Indirect effects, which are <br />caused by the action and are later in <br />time or farther removed in distance, <br />but are still reasonably foreseeable. <br />Indirect effects may include growth in- <br />ducing effects and other effects related <br />to induced changes in the pattern of <br />land use, population density or growth <br />rate, and related effects on air .and <br />water and other natural systems, includ- <br />ing ecosystems. <br /> <br />'-- <br /> <br />'- <br /> <br />"Effects and impacts as used in these <br />regulations are synonymous. Effects in- <br />cludes ecological (such as the effects <br />on natural resources and on the components, <br />structures, and functioning of affected <br />ecosystems), aesthetic, historic, cultural, <br />economic, social, or health, whether direct, <br />indirect, or cumulative. Effects may also <br />include those resulting from actions which <br />may have both beneficial and detrimental <br />effects, even if on balance the agency be- <br />lieves that the effect will be beneficial." <br />40 C.F.R. ~ 1508.8 (emphasis supplied). <br /> <br />And section 1505.3 provides in the following terms <br /> <br />for measures designed to mitigate such effects and impacts: <br /> <br />"Mitigation (~ 1505.2(c)) and other con- <br />ditions established in the environmental <br />impact statement or during its review and <br />committed as part of the"decision shall <br />be implemented by the lead agency or <br />other appropriate consenting agency. The <br />lead agency shall: <br /> <br />"(a) Include appropriate conditions <br />in grants, permits or other approvals. <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />0394 <br />