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<br />1963
<br />
<br />u.;1910
<br />
<br />CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
<br />
<br />9127
<br />
<br />aa provIded In paroa;rllph (el of Artlcle III
<br />of th~ CuloJ'D.do RIver compt>Ct. I~ ahRll br_
<br />com.. nf'C_ry \.oaupply wu..r to th.. United
<br />States of M"l!;lco from w!!.tu. O1'er and fl.b(>v..
<br />the quantltlell which are .=pl.... as denned
<br />hy BIlld compACt, lOOn !.be Stale of Cllolltornla
<br />"ball IIond wlll mUtt1:l.lIy agree ...hh. the Btate
<br />of Artzona to "upply. out of th.. main Ilream
<br />of th.. Colorado R1v..r. on...half of any den-
<br />clency which mWlt be nIP!llll!d to M":llco by
<br />th~ lo'.....r b;>llln, and . . . (6) that oLll of
<br />th.. pro1't.lonl of Ilald tri-St.1tO' agreemcmt
<br />lIball DO' aUbJf'Ct In all p..nlculal'll to the pro_
<br />vlflonAotth..Colofll.doRly..roompad.~
<br />By II or the California Umltatlon Al't It
<br />...... provided that ..h..n the MVen St,u... IIp-
<br />proved the Cumpact and Ita approva.l t.
<br />proclaimed by tb.. f>rf'llldent I.h"':
<br />.'Th.. Stat.. of CallfornlR .... of the date of
<br />lucb procllUllAtkm ~ lfTf'vocably and un~
<br />eondlllonaUy with th.. United Btnlea and for
<br />thfl ben..ntof th"ltat... of Ar!zona, Colorado.
<br />Nevada. N..w MeJtlco, Utah. IIIld Wyoming ..
<br />In "l[p~"" covenant and In conald..ratlun or
<br />th.. p.......g.. of th.. said 'Boulder canyon proJ-
<br />f'Ct act. that the l\ggr..gatf' Innual con"ump.
<br />U.....we (dlnnlton"l....r..turrw totherlv..rl
<br />of water of and fn'm the Colorado Rlvfl" for
<br />U8e In the State of Callfornlll Including aU
<br />USee und..r contrlOCta mad" under the provl-
<br />alom of said .Oould..r ean)'on proJ"",t act,'
<br />and all \lfa",r n~e_,.,. for th" IUpply or an)'
<br />rlii:bta wblcb ma)' now ..xlllt. ahn,n not ueeed
<br />four million four hundred thouMnd aere-f..et
<br />of the Wltl't'5 Ipportloned to the lo..er buln
<br />States by pU/l.gI'arh 'a' or lU'tlcl.. thne of lhe
<br />said ColoradO RI1'..r "omp~t. plua not more
<br />than one~hlllf of any ..xc_ or lIurplus wntef1l
<br />unapportloned by MJd rompact, such ~
<br />alway. to be aubJect to thl! tefID3 of eald
<br />compact,"
<br />Article III ot the ComptlCt pro1'ldea In ~l...
<br />vant part:
<br />"(a) Th..re Is h..,."by appoM.loned from th..
<br />Colorldo River Syst..m In po..l"f>I'tulty to thl!
<br />Upper Ballin and to th.. Lo.....r Baaln, rMpec:_
<br />Uv..ly, the eJlellIshe hf'n..nellll OOfUIumpUve
<br />use of 7.500,000 a('J'".f~ of 'WaU'r per an_
<br />nllm. wbleh llhall Include all waU'.I' necelllRt'Y
<br />for thl' IUpply of any right. ...hleh ma)' PO"
<br />nlst.
<br />~(b) In addition to the IIpportlonm..nt In
<br />paragraph (Ill, th.. Lowl'r BMin III h"r..by
<br />glv..n the right to Incruae Ita ben..nelllol eon_
<br />IJUJT\ptlve' WIoll ot such .aten by on.. rnJlilon
<br />In..-tf'fi pt'rannum.
<br />.'(0:) If. aa a' matin of International
<br />comtty, the Unite<! Slam of Amulca .hall
<br />h..r"lLfter reeognlu In th.. UnIted StaIN of
<br />Mnlco any rlJCht to the Use ot any waun of
<br />the ColorRdo Rl.....r S)'Iitem. such wat..n a!ulJ1
<br />be $Upplted ftnt from ~h.. watN10 which lU'e
<br />lIurplua over and above the ng!N'gate of the
<br />quantitl.... lpec:tnf"d In parngn.pha (a) II.IId
<br />(h): and If "uch IUl'JlllUllhall prove 1nSu1ll.
<br />cll'nt for thla pUrpollf'. then. the burd"n 01
<br />6Uch d..!lcl"ncy lhall be equall)' borne by th..
<br />Upper BUln and the Lowl'l' B:wtn. and. when_
<br />ever nece.....,. the staIN of th.. Upper OIvl_
<br />lion Ihall dl'U....r at Lee hrT)' water to
<br />IUppl)' olle-hall of the d..t1etoncy ao r<<oc-
<br />nlze1f In IlddlUon to that proylded In para_
<br />graph (dl.
<br />"(dJ The States of the Uppe.l' DlYlalon will
<br />notcauaethetlo...oftherlvt'rat~p,.rry
<br />to be d"pl..tO'd below an aggnogate of 75,000,_
<br />000 aue.fl.'('t for any pO'rlod of t"n ~_
<br />th.. yMn rf'Ckonl'd In oontlnulng prOgr,,&I!ve
<br />...rle. beglnntng With the I'lnt day of 0.;,.
<br />tobO'rneJ:tllU~lngtb,.,J'atl!lcatlonofthla
<br />eomp&ct.M
<br />
<br />IIn the Supreme Court of the UnlUd Statea,
<br />No.8, Or1glnnl-Oetobct' t..nn. 1116:11
<br />STAn: (W AattoJfA. Pt.A1l'fT1J'r. ll. Sun: Of'
<br />CAWKMll'fUln'AL.
<br />(Jun..lI.ISl63)
<br />OO..PI.AlNT
<br />(!.Ir. Juatlce HArlan. whom Mr. Justice
<br />OO\lgl.... and Mr. JUIlUoe Stewart Jotn. dls_
<br />...ntlng InplU't.)
<br />
<br />I dlaunt trom 110 much of the Court..
<br />opinion as holds that the Seer..tacy ot the
<br />Interior hll8 ~n glv"n aulhorlty by COn-
<br />er- to apportion, among and w1thln the
<br />StatN of Call1ornla, ArboUR, and N....ada,
<br />the "'aten of the malnstrf'flJll of th.. Colorado
<br />Rlv"r boolow Lee Ferry. I al80 dlMent from
<br />th.. holding t.hat In Urn.... or llhortAie the
<br />SeCTetary haa dl&creUoll to ...Iecl or devtae
<br />any ~r_nabl.. m"thod'" h.. ...-Jah"" to\" de.
<br />u-nnlnlng which Wlen wlthln th..... SUm
<br />are to bear the burd"n of thllt ahortage. (In
<br />all other T111p<'Cta Mr_ JUlltlce 5t_art a.nd
<br />I-but 1l0t Mr. JWltlee Dougl~ with
<br />and Join In the Court.. opinion, tbough not
<br />without some mlsgl1'lnp rqanllng th..
<br />lLDlounta of wat..r IllloeatO'd to the Indian
<br />RllsenraUona.)
<br />to my view, It '" the equltable principles
<br />eatahllahed by the Court In Inter~tatO' water-
<br />rights eaaea, aa modl!led by the Colorado
<br />River Compa.:t and th.. Ca.lItorntllllInllatlon.
<br />that ......re lntendf'd by Congft"D \.0 govl'rn
<br />the apporUonm..nt of mainstream watf'n
<br />1Un0ng the Lowu Ballin Stat.... whethn In
<br />.urplUII or In lbortag" A fortiori, ,tate law
<br />waa Intendf'd to control appoM.lonment
<br />among woei'll within a ~Ingle State.
<br />I. U<TaOllVcnOl'l'
<br />The Court" oonelWllona re~pertlng the
<br />s..cretary.. apportlonm..nt pow"U, particu-
<br />larly thoee In Um.... of "horlage, rMult In ..
<br />alngle nppolnted fed..ral omctal ""'lllg \'9ted
<br />WIth abllolute control. unrea-tralned by ad,,-
<br />quate IItandarde, over the tate of a lubeta.1l~
<br />t1nl IIl'gment. ot the life Ilnd ..cxmomy 01
<br />three Stateol. Such r....tralnt upon bt. ae-
<br />t10ua .... may follow from Judicial rev!"... are,
<br />IlA will be .hown. lit beet illusory, Tad.y"
<br />reeult, I yentur.. to ""'y, would hav.. dumb-
<br />founded those responsible for the 1"8'l.r.l1'ltlon
<br />the Court CQnAtru.... for nothing cotUd ban
<br />btoen fartber from their mlnds or mor.. In_
<br />CQDlIlstent with th..lr d....ply felt convlctlollll,
<br />The Court prof_. to I'lnd tble f'lItraor-
<br />dlll8l'Y del..gatlon of power prlnclpell)' In
<br />i 5 of the Projf'Ct. Act, th.. prov"'lon autnor~
<br />lUng the Seer..tllZ')' to entf'r In\.o contf1lCw
<br />for the It<>rage a.nd dellv",.,. of watu. But
<br />15, IUI Ia more fUlly MOwn below. pp. 13-HI,
<br />Infra. had no design r......mbllng that lI01:l.lcb
<br />the Court now eatrfleta Irom It, &th..r, It
<br />was Intended prlnelpa.lly lU a revO'llue mt'aa-
<br />ur.., and Lhe claWle requlrillg a contract ILII a
<br />condition of deliver)' ....ILII lnaerted Ilt the
<br />Inslatenee lIOt of th.. Lowu but of the UppO'r
<br />Baatn SIl>u. In an "lrort to ID6urt! that noth_
<br />Ing would dUturb that basin'. rlghta U1Ider
<br />the Colorado RI.....r Compa.t:t. Th....e..... no
<br />thought Uul.t I 5 would give authority to
<br />apportion 'lli'Ul<'r among the Low.... Baaln
<br />States. Indet'd, during th.. h~lng;a on the
<br />third S.Ing-JohnliOn bill wh"n t. 5 Look
<br />Ita pt".M!nt lorm, one of Ita principal propo-
<br />n..nu, o..lph CazpenL..r of Oolorado, 'p,,_
<br />cltlt"tLIly ~tated that the propoEed oondltlOllI
<br />of a contract waa Intendf"d to requITe "that
<br />the pO'1'901l3 who r""'''Iv.. the wa<<>r &hall
<br />respect and dOl 110 und"r Ul" CQrnpaet. It
<br />hAIl nothing to do with th.. Intf'ratllte 01111-
<br />tlOIl3 bf'twun ArlUlna and Call1ornlR.'''
<br />AndlWpr~nt.atlye Swing, coauthor of the
<br />blU, made vlrt.uall, the Pme point In u,-
<br />pla1nlng the promlon before the Uou.ae
<br />RUles Committee:
<br />'"'!'he act l18ya (10 16) 'Th.. Secretary Olf
<br />the tnw.rtor Is hereby autbCH'tzcd, uncl..r "ucb
<br />gent>u.l regumUoflA &II bl! O1JLy pll!8Crlbe, to
<br />contract lor the ator~ of waur.' Who6e
<br />water? It dQC'S not eay. It might be a com.
<br />munlty Uk.. ImpulaJ Vall..y that h... aJr..ady
<br />aoqulroo a _ter right . . . or It ma)' be
<br />lIOmt'OOe ...ho h"reafter w:111 acquire a WIlt..r
<br />rillht. but that right ...Ill not be acqulred
<br />und..., this hut: not from the Un1tO'd States
<br />
<br />'H..arIng:a before lfollSf' Commlt~ on 1r.
<br />rlgation and n..-da.matlon 00 H. R. 11251
<br />and "- R. 91l:!6, 69th Cong_. tAt s.... 163.
<br />
<br />Oov..rnm..nt, He will eequlre hl.a ....aur
<br />right, If h.. llcquJre. on.., from 1h" State
<br />and under the IllWll of th.. State, In which
<br />he pula th.. Wall'r to a brn"tlcla.l UH. There
<br />III nothing In thIa bill which puts the 00'11_
<br />..rllllU'nt In conflict With the water lawl of
<br />Arizona Or Utah or lUly Olher Statf'. ^" a
<br />mattu ot fact, the reclAntattoQ la. II adopt-
<br />..d by If'et1on l:J 01 thla bill l!lOW 1141. and
<br />ef'Ctlon 6 of the rN:lamllHon act SIlY" t"n,t
<br />what the Oov..rnm"nt doea muet not be In
<br />eontliet with the water lawlI of the State1l,
<br />.0 th..re can be no Ylole~ don" State l.wl
<br />on thl..llCou'.~'
<br />Th.. Court concedes, as Indeed It must In
<br />th.. face of such un"qulvoeal "vltl..n"". that
<br />tht. third B'II"\ng-Johnaop bill. like lu pre-
<br />d<>ef'SIO"" eatabllllh~ '.no m..thod whate\'..r
<br />ot apportioning th.. water among the. Stalel
<br />of th.. Lowl'r B....lo.." AO'ltc!. p. 10. Tlltl con-
<br />ceselon, one would think. WOUld end thls M_
<br />pert of the controveny. flnC'<' 15 aa ulti-
<br />mately adopted Is virtually the laZlle aa that
<br />ptopOlll'd In th.. third bill.' y..t a method
<br />ot fed"ral appOr't1onment Ia dlllCOverf'd In the
<br />fQUrth Swing.Johnson blU aa tlnally eoa.ctO'd.
<br />a method which ..nds by dd..gatlng to the
<br />Secretary of th.. Intertor th.. "wt'llOme pow..r
<br />ov..r tho "_ter~ deatlny of three Statel, To
<br />whnt provlalon doe:a the Court attribule tlilil
<br />etartllng IDf!tlUnorphOllt.? The fundam..ntal
<br />ehaop In IIpprotl.Cb I. appar..ntly found In
<br />I.(a). which aa Idopted contalnll pro-
<br />vlsloltl (1) condlUonlng the ..lfO'CU""n_ of
<br />the Act on ....ven.ltlIle ratlncaUon or the
<br />Colorado River Compact or aH.,mnUv..ly on
<br />CaIUomlo.'1 a.grl.'('m..nt to limit Ita annual
<br /><;Of1IIUD!.ptlon Of Colorado RI....r WIltO'r, to.
<br />geth"r with 11]l;-"tiltf' raUI'l..aUon of the
<br />Compact; Rnd (3) giving pt'nnlll$lon to Cllll_
<br />tornla, Arizona. and Nevada to ..ntO'r a fur.
<br />ther rompaet apportioning certain _U'n to
<br />the lattf'r t.o States punuant to II stated
<br />formula.
<br />It Ia mllnUeat that' .(a). on WhIch t.h"
<br />Court .0 heavily r"U"II. nelth..r apportiON
<br />the Wll.tC'rs of th.. rlv..r nor vesU pow"r 10 any
<br />omclal to make eueh a.n apporUonm"nt.
<br />The !lret paragraph d,,", not grOIn! an)' water
<br />to IIDYOn,,; It m..rel... conditio"" tbe A"t'a
<br />..tf..cti....n... 00 ee..en...tate nUtleatlon of
<br />the Compact or on slX_ltatO' ratlftcaUon. plu"
<br />Callfornl,,'lIegn:c.m..nt to a limitation. I.e" a
<br /><<fling, on hl'r llpproprlallOl'lll. Tho aource
<br />of authority to meke "uch approprlnUoltl
<br />mUllt be found ..lacwhere. And the &(!COnd
<br />paragraph of '4(al, 8uggestlng a p:u'tlculnr
<br />Interat3le agrl.'('ment, 81milarly makee no IIp_
<br />portlonm..nt of water among the St...tea and
<br />d"l..gaUIl no pow..r to IIny otaclal to filake
<br />such lUl. apportionment. Indt'Cd, It Willi ae.
<br />cepted by the Senator from California (Mr.
<br />John8on) only after the following colloquy
<br />with lllJ propon..nt. Senator Pittman of
<br />N""ada~
<br />.'Alr. JO""'601'>/. What I want to make cl..ar
<br />Is th.t tht. amendtn..nt shll.!l not. be oon-
<br />8tnJ..d hereafter by any of the plUU..lI to It
<br />or any of th.. Sta<<'ll .... bf'lng th.. eXp~lI$loo
<br />of the will CH' the dfitUl.nd 01' the reqUCflt Olr
<br />the Congt'eltll of th" UnIted StatH.
<br />"Mr. PtTr......N. Exo.ctly, not.
<br />"Mr. JUH..""",. Very w"'l, then.
<br />"Mr.PnT~uN. It i& not th.. requ"d of eon-
<br />.,...
<br />"Mr. JOIufsm.. I accept thl' ahll'ndmcnt.
<br />th"o.. ~ 70 CoNGllll:S8lOK4L RnlOatI 47:.1_
<br />Senator .Jobn*>n would .urely hllve bf'.en
<br />.urprlsr!d to learn that the formula which
<br />was not eftn ~th.. request or O:lnif_" waa
<br />
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<br />
<br />'H..aring:a before HOUle Committee on
<br />Rulee on H. R. Illl:l6, 69th CClng, 2cI Beg. tl8,
<br />Th.. blll then und"r oo~deratlon. aa no.>om-
<br />m<:,nded by the IfOUlle Committee on tnlga_
<br />Uon and Reclamation, Ilppear& In H. R"pt.
<br />No. IM7. 89th Cellg.. 2d S-. ~..
<br />"Th.. only change that n~ bf' noted for
<br />preat'nt purJlf>>l!ll II th.. Ilddltlon of a eb.uM
<br />requlrlnC contracts to confonn to I. ,aI,
<br />diso:ussed belo.... l\II .....ell RlI to the Compact.
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