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<br />lJ013,;8
<br />
<br />19(j.']
<br />
<br />CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
<br />
<br />912;)
<br />
<br />The I!vldpnce Ls cleu Utat the d..pendable
<br />Lower Bl\.Illn aupplJ' does not etreed 8.000,000
<br />acre-feet It the river Bptftn l.a taken 1I4 .
<br />1lrhol", By Article lU(b) of the Compact
<br />the Lawn Bndn St&telI caa Increase their
<br />b'.'llefldal use by 1,000.000 acre-feet, I/Gddf_
<br />tlollollD<lt.., t.t of'Gllabk. By 14(&) or the
<br />PrOjeet A<;t Callforlll.a .. entttled to not Ill,,",
<br />than on".hall of a.n,. UCfli8 that 1.1 "unap_
<br />portioned by snJd <<>ll:Ipaet." Th.. amount
<br />.pporUoned to tbe Low.... BMln'StatelJ by
<br />the Compact 18 8.500,000 acre-teet. ."..." ArU-
<br />de IIl(a) walen In the amount of '1.500.000
<br />"In perpetuity" plUll ArUd.. Wlb) waters,
<br />whlcb Ill"e highly contlngent. After the Up-
<br />per Baaln III gl1'en 1r..7.500,OOO &Cn!-feet. the
<br />"unapportlonoo" elrC_ deecMbed In Art1c1e
<br />Uttb) vrould be avallabli!'. .u noted. the
<br />pr_nt P""I14nent .supply for the LoII'f1' Ba_
<br />Ilin would not ..S:~ 8.000.000 acre-feet from
<br />the mainat.rralll and the l.:rlbutazt.... As I
<br />riHWl the Compact and the PToJut Act. Cali_
<br />fornia would get OUt or lbe 8.000.0Q0 act"e-
<br />I~t ".400.000 acre.l~t pllU not mote thlUl
<br />one-halt of Article Ill(b) tlJau-rs whJch.
<br />lln.dt!r the toregolng M8umptlon. would
<br />lU!lount to one.balt at 500.000 acre_teet. It
<br />there la a lurther 'UTplua (either In the
<br />lIetuoe at Article ntcbl w In the more re-
<br />mote unae In which f "(a) at the Project
<br />Act U5N that tlJord)' the dl'l'llIlon bettIJ....o
<br />the LotIJer BMlD. State. abould tollow the
<br />principles Of equitable n.pport.lconmeot tlJhJeh
<br />We epplled tn Nebruk.a v. WvomllJll'. 325 U.S.
<br />58$. It 1"(11) is to be read .... retelT!ng to
<br />
<br />'It is aald that the '''(a) language re_
<br />f~ng to ..urpllU or u"- watera. one-bait
<br />at wblch .Ia to go to C&l1toMlIa, the other to
<br />ArIzona. la mnn.1ngl_ It read. Ilter&ll,..
<br />Tl:....t tuna on the meaning at the tlJOI"da
<br />"uceaa or aurplUlll watera unapportlooed" hy
<br />the Compact. Th..y me&l:l.. It ... utd. &II
<br />watO'nl UlIapportloned b,. ArUcle III Cal and
<br />(b). beca.woe Antclt' mCe) dt'tlnes or lpeaks
<br />ot IUTpII13 In aucb manner.... to Indicate that
<br />aurplu.a la onl,. that waw over and above
<br />Article m (a) and Cb) _t<<o Tbla Ie trot'.
<br />at least tor the Umltoo purpoae of Article
<br />m(e). P'ron1 that preml.ae It b rt'&IOOnt'd
<br />that '''(a). Utenl..ll,. oonetrued. would aUOtIJ
<br />ArIWlla aod c.Ulornla to spilt equally all
<br />tlJaters over 16.000.000 acre-fl'et. that la atter
<br />7~,oooaere.tH'ttIJt'nttoeaebo(the8M1n.a.
<br />and Il!ter the l;cwer Baaln received ao addi-
<br />tional 1.000,000 aCl'1l.teet under Lht' provl.
<br />GOllBotArUeleIIICb). Uthatlltnle&l:l.dlt
<br />CMltornla and Arizona w..re .Ilowood to di_
<br />vide up the r....t. the Upper Baaln Statee
<br />would forever be Ihnlu-d to th..1r InJtIaJ
<br />'1.500.000 acre. feet. aomethlng not lXIXItem.
<br />plllk>d b,. ArtIcle met). wbleb apeoelJ1e&ll,.
<br />provldca for apportlonmMlt of _tel'll In es-
<br />cess of 16.000.000 be-tween the Upper and
<br />Low"r BuIM. ThUll. It la argue-d that the
<br />vrorda "ellce&B or .eurpltlll water... .. UMd In
<br />f "(a.) lU"e meantnglese and III hOp<'lesa <<In-
<br />IIlet with the terms of the Compact If read
<br />IlwraJI,..
<br />Thla lnterpretaUon !$ Ill-tounded. The
<br />ant pIIragraph of I "Ca) contaln..e onl,. a
<br />:lmltaUon: It apport.lona 110 _ter. The trl_
<br />llate compact authorIZed by th.e IleCOnd
<br />:mr.gTll.ph otl"(a} has never bKon ma.de.
<br />aut. ""vem 11 It had been made It could dC'Ct
<br />Inl,. the rlgh'" 01 I'" .elgnatarl... v!s.a_vla
<br />~b otehr. Por I "Ca) ellpUcltly JI!"01'ldM
<br />.that &II of the prov1slo~ of IIIl.ld trl-8tate
<br />.greement e.h&ll be I.ubJtIC"t In aU partleu\a.n
<br />;0 th. provllllon.e 01 the OoIOl"ado Rher com.
<br />lBet."
<br />The worda "exce.... or lurpll13 waters un-
<br />,pporUonl:'d by aatd compact" mean. 1 think.
<br />(rUele Ul (b) tlJateno plu. all \IO"aten III the
<br />InUre SYltern In n..... ot 16.000.000 acn:!-leet
<br />lot only does thla Interprt'taUon allOtlJ the
<br />'roJe>Ct Act and the Colorado River Com_
<br />laCt ta be COQl;trued BlI a hannonlous whole.
<br />out It 1.$ alao compelled b,. the 1egl.e1&t1ve
<br />klator,.. ~ '10 CONCUSSrOHAl, REC'OaD 459-
<br />eo.
<br />
<br />.eyatem waun. Callfornla'l total rtghta la
<br />Il....&llable Lower BaBln wateno would amount
<br />to not more than ".650.000 a.c:re-teet annu-
<br />aU,. (".400.000 plUll 250.000). She would &bo
<br />have a right. &lbelt hIghly oontlngent. to &DY
<br />I4ddlUonal ArtIcle W(bl wau-n that bt'eame
<br />available to the Lower Ba.e1n. and to lJUch
<br />abare of the ww.ers In both s.aam.; over
<br />16.000.000 acre-teet (7.&00.000 to Upper Ba.
<br />Iln. '1,600.000 to Lower Baaln under Article
<br />meal. p1u.a 1,000.000 to Lower Buln under
<br />Article UI~b)) u la rqultable. Nebrfl.3ka v.
<br />WVomlnjj).n1pro.
<br />Under th" CoUrt'l reading of I 4 fa). how_
<br />ever. a tar dltJerent dlvl.elon la made. The
<br />Court Mr- that the language of I 4(a) limit.
<br />Ing CaUtotnla to ".400.000 a.ere-feet "at tht'
<br />Wllten apportloned to Ult' Lower BMln
<br />Stat.e.e by paragrnph (al of ArUcte m of the
<br />Colol'do R1vi!'r eompBet- f7,500,000 acre-t....t
<br />per annum) la JUllt a "Ihortha.nd" ...a,. at
<br />.....ylng that California I. limited to .....00.000
<br />a.c1"e-teet at the water available In the maln_
<br />.etnam. According to the Court. CaUtornla
<br />haa DO r1gbta In .l)'Stem ...aters. aa tbis would
<br />Include rlghta In the trIbutarl... and thll
<br />Court h.... deelded that the tributaries be-
<br />10llg ellelulllvely to Arizona. ThUll. It Call-
<br />rornla la to obta.ln an,. "elleeaa or .urplu.e"
<br />waters. thll .urplUII must be ftowtng In the
<br />ma.lMtrea.m. That~. CallfornJ.a can .......rt
<br />her right to ".eurplw" waters onl,. when tbe
<br />IIotIJ at tbe ma.lnatream la mo~ than '1.500.-
<br />000 aere-r....tper'..ar. Butlf. ...the nlden<'e
<br />.how.. the dependable Low"r BllAIn lluppl,.
<br />of SlI.Jte.... watel'll I.e onl,. 8.000.000 &ere-f~t
<br />per annum. 2.000.000 of wblch lln!I In the
<br />trlbutarle.e. C&lltornla CIlD look only to 6..
<br />000.000 acr..teet 10 the m.aln.stream. Thua.
<br />C&IItomla w1l1 never be enUtled to any ol
<br />the addlUOn.&1 Artlcl. lU(b) wa.terI (600..
<br />000 &ere.feet) 10 the Lowt'r Ba.eln .ey.etetn.
<br />Th05ll "lJUrplu.e" waters would neaouarlly be
<br />10 the trlbutarlM. and under tbe Court.. In_
<br />terpf"lltatlon the,. betlong uctua1nly to Ari-
<br />zona. If(a) too tbe contr&ry notwlth.etand.
<br />Ing.
<br />M a pracUeallJlll.tt.cr. tilt' only plaee Call-
<br />tornla ClU1 get l}'lItem waten I.e trom the
<br />munatl"eam. Ulere being no tributaries ot
<br />the Colorado River 10 C&llfornla. The qu...-
<br />tlon to bet decided b wbether or not under
<br />I"Ca) ot the Project Act CalUornl.a can tAke
<br />Into coMlde....Uon Arlzona.'. u.eea on ber trlb_
<br />utarlu In determining hi!'r (California'.)
<br />right to dh'ert 'fmter trom the maln.etrerun.
<br />The Court ea,.. CaUtornis cannot, becCluae
<br />wheD the Project Act reiera too her rlghta In
<br />sy,tem watel'll.... the meUUl"lng rod. It really
<br />meana her I"l.gbta In mllJ.wtream ....aters.
<br />WIth due rupeet tbe maJorlt,. ll.ehlnea that
<br />result b,. mlll:ftadtng the COlorado JUnr
<br />Compa.ct. the Project Act. and b,. mJareodlng
<br />the l"gl.elaUve hlr;tQry leading up to the CaU.
<br />torola Limitation Act. An .na.1ysls or the
<br />leglalatlve hlat.ory will .ho........ alread,. noted.
<br />that the Coun'.e anaI,.sLll.e bUlltmalnly upon
<br />atatementa made by the vlU'lou.e Senators In
<br />argulng the term.e or a proP<*'<l trl-stato
<br />eompacttbatwa..eneverma.de.
<br />"
<br />The Project Act needs the ComJll'Ct to
<br />achieve a wttlement o( thl'! talle <>r the ap-
<br />portionment ot ....ater InvolVed In. thts c.......
<br />It Is argued that an Rpporllonment. con-
<br />IrUtutlonally. can be arhleved only In one
<br />ot two .......y_b,. an InterUate compact ar b,
<br />a dl'Crl'<: ot eqUItable apportlonm"nt. That
<br />propoaltlon n....d not. ho...e-ver. be resolVed
<br />here. be<:au.ee llpart from lI. cootlngenc,. not
<br />rooleva.nt ht-re) the Project Aet by the eJlpreea
<br />tenna at I "la) 1a d~ldent on the rau-
<br />f1callon of tbe Compa.et.' xr the Compact II
<br />ratified. It aod the Project Act are to IJUpply
<br />
<br />. Under I"'(a) at the Project Act It 1.1 pro_
<br />"!de<! that It &II &even State.e fl!.ll to raUf,.
<br />the CompACt In sill montha (which In fact
<br />tbe, dId f&ll to dol. th.. Project Act .ehall not
<br />t..a..1r.e etJKI unUI 'Ill of the Sta1.etl. InclUding
<br />Ca.llfornla. rlUf,. the Com)X\ct llnd waive the
<br />
<br />the meaeure at wati!'re which Ca.lIfornla ma,.
<br />clalm.-
<br />The overaJl accounUng of the wateu I.
<br />provided tor In Artlcl. lIt of the Compact.
<br />By Artlcl.. III(a, "the ellclu.eh'e bl!'nend.el
<br />conaumptlve use ot '7.500.000 acre.feet ol
<br />water per annum" t.e apport.lonl:'d "In per-
<br />petult, to tbe Upper Ballin and to the Low..r
<br />BIl..eIn.J'ap<<:Uvel,.... mO'!a.Jllng that eub ba.iln
<br />ge"" '1.600.000 acre_teet. B,. ArtIcle IlJ(b)
<br />the LotIJer Buln is gt....n the rlgbt to Increa6ll
<br />Ita benetlclal coMUmptlve use b,. 1.000.000
<br />acre_t...,t per annum. By Article In(cl In,
<br />detlelene, o'''..ed Medea nahal! be equ&lly
<br />borne b,. r.he Upper BllAIn and the Lower
<br />8a..eln.- The Lower Buln by d.,t1.11ltlor In_
<br />dud"", CalHarnla. Article n(g}. Tributary
<br />UIOl!4 In Artwna dlmlnhh Call1ornh.... I"!ght
<br />under Article Ul(c) to requln the Upper
<br />Ballin Stat.e.e to auppl,. water to .atl.et,.
<br />Mexico. CaJllornJ.a. 1.1 to be charged with
<br />wl!.ter trom the Gna when the acoountlng
<br />La mlde with Mellloo. "n1at la, Calltornla
<br />La pre&UlIled to enjoy the waul'll lrom the
<br />Lo....er Basin trlbutari_ tor purpoees of Ar.
<br />tlele 1I1(e) of tbe COrnp'ld. It la ma.nlt....u'
<br />unf&lr to chlrge her with thOH Wlters undi!'r
<br />ArtIcle m(C) Of the Compact and to M,
<br />that &he Is entitled to none ot tbem In com_
<br />puting the ....400.000 acre.feet whiCh the
<br />LimItation Act and the ProJ"Ct Aet give her
<br />out at the watera at Article nl(a) of the
<br />Compa..ct.
<br />SeocUon 1 of the ProJect Act authorlZllll tht'
<br />Secretary at the lDterlar too COlllrtruo;t and
<br />opente tbe Boulder Dam "subJect to the
<br />terlllll 01 the Colorado Rlyer compact." B,
<br />I"(al tb.. Project Act b not to be operaUve
<br />unl.... and until the ",even Statea "ahall have
<br />ratUled the Colorado River COTnpocl"; and
<br />If tbe, do not. then "the provl.elon.e at tbe
<br />ant pangraph ot Article XI ot aald COTnpocf".
<br />must be waived. .Moreov..r. the ".400,000
<br />&ere.teet &llotted toC&lltornla by."(a) are
<br />de<2rtbed In terma "of !.be wau-n appar-
<br />t1ont'd to tbe lotlJer bfl.llln Statee b,. para_
<br />graph (a) of ArtIcle XU ot the Colorado
<br />River co"'poct." Sectloo "(al de.ecrlbe", the
<br />"eJleeM Or lJUrplUll" ...atera In l.erm.e of thOlle
<br />"unappol"tloned by aa1d efmOpact"; and It
<br />rn&lr.ee a.Il "uaea alw..,.. to be .eubJed to the
<br />terma ot aaid compact." The efmOpocll.. In_
<br />dl!ed. the UDderpln.n1ng 01 the Project A.l;t.
<br />The Compa.et apportlona the w.etera "from
<br />the Colorado River BJlltetn" tlJhlch by de-
<br />tlnltlon Include.e the malo.etrea.m and Ita
<br />trlbut.a.rl... In the UnIted States. Alld Call-
<br />tomlll'l t.Imltatlon Act., eonta.lnlng the pre-
<br />Cl5e language ot the alloao.tlon ot walen In
<br />."(1.1 of !.be Project Act., de.ecrlhea the
<br />....-laO,OOO aere-feet In terms "of the wat.era
<br />"pporUoned to the lo",'er baatn Statu b,
<br />pa.....gr"ph 'a' of artJele threoe at the SOld
<br />Colorado River compact....
<br />
<br />r
<br />
<br />I
<br />
<br />"!
<br />
<br />~
<br />
<br />I
<br />
<br />pro\-ts.Iona of ArtJele -Xl of tbe Compa.et
<br />(",'hleh nqUJred appron.l at aU ...ven Staw.)
<br />and the Preeldent ha.e .eo dfclared by public
<br />proclamation. A turth"r condlUon wu the
<br />~ ot Callfornla.'a LIm1taUOIl Act.. The
<br />Pre~ld'mUal Procll1matl(ln b dll~ June 2f;,
<br />1929. ..6 Stat. 3.000; .end Callfornla'l Lim-
<br />Itation Act wa.e approved Much ... 192'9. and
<br />became ell'ec1;h'e A~t 14. 1929.
<br />. The Colorado River Compact III retetr\K1
<br />Ulmany tlme.e In the Project Ae1.--1 I, I"(a).
<br />16,18. 112. f13.118.a.J1d 119.
<br />n,. 1111 the rlghta ot tbe States to wat..rs
<br />WIthin their bard"rs are not Inu-rfered with
<br />"eJleept ... modlfled b,. tbe Colorado Rtver
<br />Compact or other Interatate agreement"
<br />By 18ta, "&II uaen and approprlatorl~ of
<br />"'....ter are ".ubJect too and cont.rolll:'d by aald
<br />Colorado RI....r Compact . . . an,.thlng In
<br />thla Act too tbe contrary not wltb.etandltlll"
<br />. It w.... indIcate<! In Arizona v. Cali/ornta.
<br />292 U.S. 341. 35'1. that the Limitation Act
<br />Incorponteol the Compact:
<br />"I: may be tru.. that th.. BOulder Clln)'on
<br />Proll'Ct Act les"ea In doubt the "pporUon_
<br />
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