|
<br />1963
<br />
<br />Oul~U)
<br />
<br />vaUo_ wtte efHlWd by bp<:uUve Orders
<br />and alll"'ndmpnt. to them. ranglnlln date.
<br />from 1870 to 1907.'" lb. Muter found both
<br />u n mattel' ot fa.c:t and la.... that ..ben ta.,.
<br />United StatoN er"at4od t.h_ reM'rvaUOIa or
<br />addN \0 Ul"m, It fllae'ned not only land
<br />but aleo the u- ot enougb 1t'.t.er from the
<br />Colorado to lITigate the Irrl,able pclI"t1or.. oL
<br />the reeuud lan~. The a&lP""Zat.e quantity
<br />or w..t.er ..Weh the M~t.er bdd lilY r_rT1!d
<br />''''''" aJl U1e f6li<TvaUolw UI about 1,000.000
<br />lIae-tH't. to be uaed on around 135.000 ml_
<br />gable aen'll or land. Hue u before the
<br />Mutft'. ArlllOn. ucuea that the United
<br />States had no pow.... to make .. re&erl'auon
<br />of navigable """"r. at""t Arlzolu bl!came ..
<br />S!.l'Ite: that n.....lphl.. _tel"l COUld not be
<br />r_rveel by E~uUve Order.: t.hu the Unlt.od.
<br />Sto.tu; dJd Dot Intend to 'Nen.. ..t.er for
<br />the I.ud14.ll RearrvaUont.; Uut the &mount or
<br />....atet rNUVecl ahould be m..""ured by the
<br />ree..onablJ' Core$OU.bl.. n.....t. or the Indians
<br />living 011 the faenation rathe, than bJ' the
<br />Dumber ollrTlgabie IoCrl'4: and, lI.nally. that
<br />the JUdicial doculne ot ~u!table appor1J.o".
<br />Jne-n~ ahOl.lld be UHd to dIYlde the .ateT
<br />between the Indl&IU .....d the OUll'l' people
<br />In the State ot Arizona.
<br />The lut argument.. e.....11 a........red.
<br />ThG doctrine ot equitable apportlOlLment ..
<br />a method or rMOl"lns .ater dbputea be_
<br />tWeetn Statea. It.... created b,. !.hI. Court.
<br />In the n.erc:1ae of Ita original Jurlu1h;Uon
<br />over controvemt'tl In ..hleb StaUlll ate
<br />~. An Indl..... Ree.ervaUoD Ie not ..
<br />State. And whU. ConlfT'" h... eom.t1mu
<br />lett IndlaD Re_r.,ath..ne eoneld"rable power
<br />to manar tbelr owo aJ'faln., _ are not con-
<br />vlneftJ. by Arloon... argument that each roe.
<br />ern.tlon Ie 1IO mucb Uke a State thAt. Ita
<br />rlgbta to "ater abould be determined by the
<br />doctrine otequltable apportlotlment.. Mote.
<br />o~r. even Wl'l'e we to U'Qt an IndJan Retter_
<br />".tlon lllte a State, eqllltable apporUon_
<br />meot wo<ild ..till not control alnce. under
<br />our "Iew, the Indian cllllma here are IIOTerned
<br />by the .tatutea and ExecuU.,. Orden ereat.
<br />lng the reser"atlons.
<br />Artolona', contention that the P'ed...ral
<br />Clov<!>rnmeot had no pGW\'r. arter ArI:aona
<br />became " State. to reaene ..ten tor tbe
<br />WIe and benetl.t ot tedl'l'lllly r......n-ed landa
<br />rHta large11 upon atatemenW In "ollard'~
<br />Uuee v. II..'}..,... 3 How. 212 1184$1. and
<br />Shivel".,. Sowlb,. 15:1 U8 1 08(4). Th<>>e
<br />c-.- and othen that tonowed them'" 1"'98
<br />rIH to the doctrine thOle lands IInderlytna
<br />D,,"l.gable wawr. within terrltot}' acquired
<br />by Ule ao"ernment are Mid In trwlt. ror
<br />rutllre States aDd that. t1t.le to .uch lande
<br />Ie autolnaUc..lly "Hted In the Stat.- upon
<br />adll1Ulllon to tho Union. But th""", ca&e~
<br />10"ol"ftJ. only thl! ehur.. ot and lande
<br />bene"th Da...lgaJJle ...te,.... They do not.
<br />deteormln. the problem before u. ~d ean_
<br />not be ~pt<!d Jl.8llmltlngthe brQn.d pow"""
<br />or the United 61&""" to N'gUlate DJl.Vlgabt.
<br />wate,... IInder the Comm.....,.. ClaUH and to
<br />I'f!8'Ulate government lands und.... An. IV.
<br />13. or the Conat.ltutlon. 1\'e have no dOUbt.
<br />about the P<'1"er or the Unl~d States under
<br />th_cl......to reserve wateT rlchtetor Il.lI
<br />r_rvatlOOBllnd ItaJ1f"Op"ty.
<br />ArIzona a1JI.o atgu.... that. In anJ eUD\.
<br />water rlghta cannot be reacrvw b, E>:~uth'..
<br />Ord..r. Some or the tellernUona of Indlnn
<br />
<br />... Eaeoeut.h-e Ord,"", of JIUlU~ a. 1884
<br />(Yuma). ~ptemb", la. 1890 (Port. MOMVe).
<br />Pebruary :I. lall IPoTt MOb""C'). &ptelDber
<br />21.1917ICocclpah). Porth_on:lers._
<br />I Uf_. at 1:1-13. M-64 1l1l121: 2 ld. at ~ 11922).
<br />'!be Cbemehue1'1 ReeetnUon .... en.bUshed
<br />bJ the l3eQ-etary or Interior on hbruary 2.
<br />1907. pending oongrPASlol1ll.1 epproval.
<br />"'&e. e.g~ United sr..r...... CallI""'!". 33:1
<br />U_8. 19. 20--30 (19-171; U,ut...:l Stoln Y. Holt
<br />State Bank.:l70 U.s.. 4(1. 5+-66 111l:l6).
<br />
<br />COI-<<iRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
<br />
<br />9123
<br />
<br />lands here involved were made almOll't 100 'clvlllzed eommunlU", could not be eetab_
<br />yean ago. anQ all or them were made 0""" u.bed therflOn.' And thla. It. Ie turtber con.
<br />45 ,ear. .11.110. In "ur vie.... the.. tNervaUons. tended, the IndJJI..IUl kn.... and yet made no
<br />lIi.1I th..... c:nated dlJ'ecU, b, Conp_. were r_natlon 01 th. watere. W. realize that
<br />DDt lImited to lalld, but 10eluded ..~r. as there Ia a conflict of lrnpllcal4o.... but that
<br />well. Oon~ ~d the Eu';;uU.e b.a.e ever .hleb m...."' lor the I't'lentloo ot the waten
<br />,lnce reoocl:llze<i thne ... Indlal> ~rva. Ie or Ill't'ater ton:e than that .hlch m.tee
<br />t10Wl. N\LD>.eroua .ppropriatlons. Includlnc ror U:lelr _lon.~
<br />approprlatlona ror Irrlga1J.on projoec:teo. ha"o The Court In Winter, eoneluded that the
<br />n..n lIIll.de bl Consr__ Tbe, ban be<on Go.,..rDmmlt. .hen It ereated that Indl.....
<br />unUonnlJ and Ull1nrail)' u-eated... reeena. Reaene.tlon. Inunded to deal ralrl, "Ith the
<br />tlon.e by lO.ap m.a.ken. aurn)'on. .od the Indlane b, reeer.,1n.g tor them the ",,,Ure
<br />publ1c. We can gin but abOf"t _hrltt at thla without ...hleh their landa ""ould have been
<br />1.11.18 <tate to the arcument that the r_r..... u.sel_. Winre.... hu ~n rallowed by thle
<br />tloo. either ot l~d or .ater are Iraalld be- Court... rill'CenUy as 1089 In United States .,.
<br />cause they .ere originally ..t apart bl th. POlDer,. 305 UB. 527. We 10Ul;J1lI It ,..Olll ..nd
<br />Ezecuttre.... .9tU tll4t Ih.. United St4te. did r",erw the
<br />ArU<ona e.leo chaUeDIIM tho w-tet'a bold. walPT nghl, lor lite fndi4nS el1ectllle " 01
<br />Ing ... to the Indian R.elIioI!""'''UOUII on ~wo t~ time Ih" lndf.an Re.e~4tjD'rnl Ulere C"fIl.
<br />other lJl'ounde, lIrn. that thero f.s a lack or oted. '!ble ml!!Jl..IUl, u the Muter hald. thJt.t
<br />..Idence ehowlng that the tJnlW<i Sts.tee In th_ waur rlghta. h.aV1ng .est<<! hetore the
<br />.&tahIJ..sh1n&: the rcaena1Jona Inteuded to Act....... pueed In 10251. ue "pr.....nt per.
<br />reeene water tar them. and. 8I!CODd. ~h.t t~t<!d r1&:;hta" and u such ar.. enutted to
<br />......n It "'a~r ... lDeaDt to be r",,-.,.d the priority under th. Act.
<br />J,l;u~.. hea aw.ltded t.QQ much "e.ter. We We a!eo 118tel' .Ith the Muter'a conclusion
<br />reject both or these oontention.e. W<>>t of . .. to the quantity or .ater Intended to be
<br />the land 10 theae r....n..UOnll. Ie and al.ays RIO(Orved. He round that the water WIUI In-
<br />b... n..n arId. U the .a~CJ' neoeuary to IIWI' tende<l to eatlarJ the tuture ... w..u as the
<br />ta.In Ut.. Is to be had. It muat come trom the preeent n~ or the indian Reservations and
<br />Colorado RI.." 01" It.. trlbU1.ll.l"leL It C4Q be ruled that enougb .ater was reaertred to Ir_
<br />Mid wltb.out ov""''''-t.ernent that Wh.D the rlp~ &Il the pt1l.Ctlcably In-Igable aereage
<br />Indiana "er.. put. un theee rNenat.loUJI. th..,. on the reacrvatlona. At~na. on the othl'l'
<br />"'ere IWt conaldered to be loca.t<<I. In the moaf. hand. c:ontet:lda that the quanUtl ot .ater
<br />dealrablG are. or the Nation. It Ielm~lbl. reeerved should be monsured by the India....'
<br />to beUe..., tha~ when Congr_ creat.ed the "r..asonabIJ rotMf:eable needs." which. In
<br />gr...~ Colorndo Rh.... 1n<Uan Re,en.Llon and rut.. meana hI the n1;lmber ot lndlllllll. How
<br />wben the Executive o"part.ment 01 thle Ha. man, IndJana thl'l'e wilt be and what their
<br />t1un C"'"ted the o~her r-.....tlona they "er. tuturo uae. wlI1 be ea.n only be ~-.1.
<br />wawar.. that moet or the la.w.. W..n of tho W.. have concluded. a.r did tile Ita.rt,,~, that
<br />daaort kLod-l:lot. acorcl1LoII u.nda-&nd ~t Ille onl)' leanble 4nd I..j~ _y by which 'e-
<br />we.ter t..om the river ..ould be! ouentla.l to ff'nIrd ""<l-t,,. lor tile .e...rtlGtfon.t COn be
<br />Ul. ut. ul th.. IndIan p<<>ple IU1d to t.b.e ani. ,.,.,,,....,,,,re<J l.t IrTlgGblo! ~"agc. The ""r!oWl
<br />mala the, bunt<<! and the crope they ral.&ed. acrngee 01 Itrlpble land wlLlch the Maatft'
<br />In th. d..bate leadlng to appra"al o.t the Ant r!.>Und to be 00 the dUterent rl8SCnaUona w.
<br />CXInstNalonaJ. .pprop.1aUOQ ror lnlll"Uo.n ot and to be r.......nabl..
<br />the Colorado River Indla.n R......-vat.l<.>n. the W. dlallgrf'oe .Ith the Muter., dedalon to
<br />delegate troon the T....rltoJ'f or Arizona mAd. determine the dlltput<!d boundaJ'lee ot tho
<br />tht. ltatement: Colorado Rhl'l' Iodlll..Il Reservation and the
<br />"Irrlgatlng ce.na1JI. are c....nt.l.l to th.. proe- Fort :.(oha...e In<Uan Reeornatlon. We hold
<br />perlty 0( th_ll1dlana. Without water Ulero that It Ie unnCC'Nll.at}' to I't'solve those dla-
<br />""'.0 be no production. no ute; ADd a1J th..., putae b...re. Sbould" dlapute OVl'l' Utle ar1ae
<br />e.a.k 01 Y!.>U .. to Clv. them. .II. tew a.gtlcul~a.l """louse ot &Ome tutu", ",l'Uaa1 bl the See.
<br />Implementa to enable them to d'. an lrrlg"t. retet}' to d"lI.er _t4lr to either 8.J'I!!a. the
<br />10g canAl bJ .Wcl1 their Itw<18 ma, be dJ.opute t'Il.n be RtUed at that time.
<br />...tered and Ulolr acIds l.rrlgated. so that Th. Maa~r ruled that the pl1nelple un.
<br />the)' mey enJo, the meOllla 01 ",,_utence. d..rlytnll the I'eMr.aUon ot wa~r rllJbk to!'
<br />You mU1lt provide theae Indiana with the IndJe.n RuervatJona ....... equally applicable
<br />n:>e40. or ,uba1etenc:e or th'll wUl take b,. to other rederal ...ta.hlfiWmenta .uch u He-
<br />robbery troro thoo.e who have. During the tlonal Recr....tlon Areaa and Natlone.l For.
<br />I~t y...ar I hll.n lIeen .II. number ot ~ In- eats. We agtee with the ooncluslon.e or the
<br />dle.na 'taned to death tor Wa.Dt ot tood.~ Mastl'l' that the United 5tll.teo Intended to
<br />Cong. Clobe. 38th eo.... Zd ::;e....132I 118851. nae'rve w:lteT aulllclent for tb<l future re_
<br />nil questlon ot the Government.. 1m. qulN>mrnta at Lake Mead HllUOnal Recre,,_
<br />pl1ed rrtlernUon at wa~ rlghta upon the Uon Area. tbe HaTlL$U La.lr.e National WUdl1fe
<br />q-n,Uon ot an Indian Reau""Uon "". be_ Refuge. the 1mJX'r1a1 National WlldlUe Ret_
<br />ror. thla Court 10 WllItcr.. v. UnIted St,,'e.., up. and the Ou... NaUonnJ Pw....t.
<br />207 VB. 6tI4-. decided 10 lIJOS. Much the We reject the clalm ot the UDlt<!d S14tea
<br />aa.me argument made to us '18M made In that It 18 entitled to the UIle. without ch.....
<br />WUllers to perauade th.. Court to bnld that against Ita oonaumpUon, ot any waur, that
<br />Congrea had erea~ a.n Indla.n Reservation 1I"O\11d ha.e bl.-en ..aatoed but ror aalvage bJ
<br />without InUndlng to ",serv.. ,...at..... n......... the O<lTernm..nt on Ita wlldJ1te preservea.
<br />sary tQ make those reaenaUona livable. '!be What_ the Jntrtnalc ~rlta or Ulla claim
<br />Cou..rt ",,lec:tcd &11 or th... argumcota. As to It Ie Inc:cnalatcnt 'II1th the Act'a command
<br />whether waLer WBII In~nded to be reserved, that C....."ll:D.ptlve U&oe shall be mea.aU1'ed by
<br />WII Court aald. at p. 518: dl.e,...lona I..... ",turus to the rlnr.
<br />"The lande were arid and. wltbcn.zt lrrlla. nnaDJ. we note our agToem..nt W1th tho
<br />UOI1. WIlro pncucallJ l"aluel~ And yet. It Muter that all uaea or ma.ln.el.J'eern .a~r
<br />Ie oontended, the means or lrrliatlan we..- WIthin" State are to be charged "IP'-nat that
<br />d..Ubet:U....t,IU.en up bJ the Indiana and de. State', apportlorunent.. whlc:h or course In_
<br />lIberately ~tNl by t.h. Oo\"ernlllent. Tne c:Judec; u.aee hJ th. Unlt<!d Statea.
<br />laJUb ceded "'ere. It la true, a.liO arid; and
<br />SOm.. Jl.tcument DlJI.}' be urged. and la urged. 1'1. n.cau
<br />tlut.t with their ~ou ot tbe waLen. wlth_ Whll.. we have In th.. main &greeod III'Ith
<br />out wWeh they would he "alurl-. and the MuUT. thet'e are ~e pi"",", .. havo
<br />d~ and 110m.. qUellt-lo... on which we
<br />bani nnt ruled. Rather than adopt th.. !olIia--
<br />wr'. dect1!'e with e.mendmenta or append.
<br />our oown dectH to thla opinion. We will al.
<br />10. the part. or anI of them. U tbll'Y wtab.
<br />
<br />1
<br />
<br />I
<br />
<br />'''See United Stat", v.lhd_.t OU Co..:lS6
<br />UB. 4SIl. 48D-475 (lIHS); Win/",.s .. Uniud
<br />Stol"",207U.8.564 (11108).
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