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<br />002220 <br /> <br />46 <br /> <br />ARIZONA v. CALIFOltNIA. <br /> <br />The Government, on behalf of five Indian Reservations <br />in Arizona, California, and Nevada, asserted rights to wa- <br />ter in the mainstream of the Colorado River."' The <br />Colorado River Reservation, located partly in Arizona and <br />partly in California, is the largest. It was originally <br />created by an Act of Congress in 1865,98 but its area was <br />later increased by Executive Order."9 Other reservations <br />were created by Executive Orders and amendments to <br />them, ranging in dates from 1870 to 1907.'90 The Master <br />found both as a matter of fact and law that when the <br />United States created these reservations or added to them, <br />it reserved not only land but also the use of enough water <br />from the Colorado to irrigate the irrigahle portions of <br />the reserved lands. The aggregate quantity of water <br />which the Master'held was reserved for all the reservations <br />is about 1,000,000 acre-feet, to be used on around 135,000 <br />irrigable a'cres of land. Here, as before the Master, Ari- <br />zona argues that the United States had no power to make <br />a reservation of navigable waters after Arizona became a <br />State; that navigable waters could not be reserved by <br />Executive Orders; that the United States did not intend <br />to reserve water for the Indian Reservations; that the <br />amount of water reserved should be measured by the rea- <br /> <br />9' The Reservations were Chemehuevi, Cocopah, Yuma, Colorado <br />River, and Fort Mohave. <br />98 Act of March 3, 1865, 13 Stat. 541, 559. <br />99 See Executive Orders of November 22, 1873, November 16, <br />1874, and May 15, 1876. See also Executive Order of November <br />22, 1915. These orders may be found in 1 U. S. Dept. of Interior, <br />Executive Orders Relating to Indian Reservations ~7 (1912); 2 id" <br />at 5-6 (1922). <br />100 Executive Orders of January 9, 1884 (Yuma), September 19, <br />1890 (Fort Mohave), February 2, 1911 (Fort Mohave), September <br />27, 1917 (Cocopah). For these orders, see 1 id" at 12-13, 63-64 <br />(1912); 2 id., at 5 (1922). The Chemehuevi Reservation was estab- <br />lished by the Secretary of Interior on February 2, 1907, pending <br />congressional approval. <br />