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<br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />o Duration (in months) <br /> <br />o Probability of occurrence <br /> <br />o Amount of water available during the drought (or magnitude of <br />defie! ts) <br /> <br />The probability of occurrence can be stated as a "recurrence interval" of a <br /> <br /> <br />specified time period. The recurrence interval is the average amount of <br /> <br /> <br />time between droughts of similar duration and water availability. A <br /> <br /> <br />drought with a lO-year recurrence interval would occur, on average, once <br /> <br /> <br />during any ten year period. <br /> <br />In the past, the reliability of a water supply system was usually <br />determined by comparing the monthly demands on the system to the flow <br />available for a specific drought; this drought was then referred to as the <br />"design" drought. The design drought may have been selected from historic <br />droughts experienced in the region or estimated from statistical analysis <br />of available streamflow or precipitation data. The choice of which <br />particular drought of all drought possibilities to use as the design <br />drought was based on a combination of hydrologic and non-technical factors <br />such as: <br /> <br />o The frequency and severity of water supply shortages experienced in <br />the pas t. <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />o The frequency of large variations in streamflow. <br /> <br />o Policy decisions, i.e., a City may decide to protect against a <br />certain drought event as a matter of policy. <br /> <br />o The availability of alternate sources of supply during drought <br />conditions. <br /> <br />Recent advances in computers has allowed the use of statistical and <br /> <br /> <br />stochastic techniques to supplement the analysis of historic data. These <br /> <br /> <br />techniques are used to generate a long-term (several hundred or thousand <br /> <br /> <br />years) record of "synthetic" streamflow. These synthetic streamflow <br /> <br /> <br />histories maintain the monthly, seasonal, and annual characteristics of the <br /> <br />2-3 <br />