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<br />I <br /> <br />Specification <br />Page or Draw- <br />ing No. <br /> <br />/ <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />Dwg. 2 <br /> <br />The pipe drainage system under the downstream shell is under- <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />stood to be less expensive than a system composed entirely of <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />gravel. This would appear reasonable if gravel must be im- <br /> <br />ported from an established source many miles away. If the <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />contractor should elect to set up a crusher near the site, how- <br /> <br />ever, a large part of the total cost would be in the fixed <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />expense of plant set-up and removal. Under these circumstances <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />the cost of additional material would be relatively low as only <br /> <br />additional operating and haul costs would be involved. The <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />cost savings realized by use of pipe thus appears to depend <br /> <br />upon the gravel source which may not be known until construction <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />starts. From a design standpoint, the longitudinal collection <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />pipes under the central part of the dam appear to be unnecessary <br /> <br />if the chimney (gravel filter) drains the downstream shell <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />properly. The gravel filter material surrounding these collec- <br /> <br />tor pipes could be more effective if placed as a thicker zone <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />surrounding the header pipes. It is recommended that a final <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />review be made of the economics of eliminating th~ pipe system <br /> <br />completely or that an all-gravel system be included as an <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />alternative. If the pipe system is retained, it is recommended <br /> <br />that telescoping slip joints be provided in each straight run <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />of pipe. These joints can be made simply by placing a sleeve <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />of larger pipe over the butt joint. This device has been <br /> <br />used in at least one recent dam to avoid tension failure as <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />deformation of the dam occurs, <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br />