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<br />, <br /> <br />Loads <br /> <br />CONCRET.E..DESIGN CRITERIA <br /> <br />The structures will be designed for the following loads where <br />applicable. <br /> <br /> MATERIAL VERTICAL HORIZONTAL <br />Water 62.4 Ib/ft,) 62.4 Ib/iP <br />Concrete- reinforced 150.01b/fe ----- <br /> fluid pressure ...-- 145.0 Ib/ft3 <br />- <br /> (construction only) <br />Steel 490.0 Ib/W ----- <br />Rock - - - - ... ----- <br />Dam dry 130.01b/ftJ 43.0 Iblft,) <br />Embankment - saturated 135.01b/ft3 85.0 Ib/ft3 <br /> - <br />Pervious Backfill- dry 120.01b/W 40.0 Ib/ft,) <br /> - saturated 135.01b/ft3 85.0 Iblft3 <br />Construction surcharge 400.0 Ib/ft,) 133.0 Iblft~- <br />Wind <br />Earthquake Load - 0.10 - .15 g peClk ground acceleration for MCE <br />Ice Load - <br />Notes: Vertical loads are based on assumed unit weights of materials. <br /> Vertical loads on a conduit may be affected by frictional forces created <br /> by differential settlement of the overlying fill, in accordance with <br /> Marston's theory. <br /> Vertical and horizontal loads on a tunnel lining due to the rock mass <br /> will be provided by D-3620. <br /> Horizontal load of water is clue to hydrostatic pressure. <br /> Horizontal loads of earth materials are based on Coulomb's theory of <br /> active earth pressure against walls free to deflect. For fixed walls, <br /> the at-rest earth pressure should be used. <br /> Construction surcharge and wind loads are based on a uniform <br /> pressure distribution. <br /> Earthquake forces are considered to act only on the dead load of the <br /> structure. Water pressures on structures during earthquake are <br /> based on Westergaard's parabolic distribution. <br /> <br />4 <br />