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<br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />1. Chemicals are used to remove other chemicals and the total effluent from <br />the plant (product plus wastewater) will contain substantially more mineral <br />material than the feed water, thus aggrevating the already difficult problem of <br />waste disposal. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />2. Ion-exchange is a multistep process requ1r1ng use of large amounts of acids <br />and alkalis, precise chemical control to assure economy, and either movement of <br />solid resins or frequent switching of streams. I E processes thus present more <br />problems in reliability and control than other processes. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />3. In the event of human or mechanical errors in operation, the feeding of <br />any form of alkali into the saline feed water presents a good possibility of hard <br />scale deposition throughout the water system. <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />4. Effective control of an I E demineralization process requires personnel <br />with a high degree of chemical or chemical engineering knowledge. This again <br />represents a tremendous increase in operating and maintenance costs which the town <br />cannot afford. <br /> <br />5. Only limited field experience is available on using ion-exchange demineral- <br />ization on water with a total dissolved solids content as high as 1500 mg!l. <br /> <br />4.3 SOILS CONDITIONS <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />According to the Soil Survey for Otero County compiled by the U.S.D.A., Soil <br />Conservation Service, a total of 7 different soil types might be encountered within <br />the design area. The soils are basically silty clay loams with some grading towards <br />silts and clays at lower depths. <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />4.3.1 Distribution System. Moderate adverse effects can be anticipated due <br />to soil conditions. Soils are generally high in lime and salts due to leaching <br />action. Due to the corrosive soils, all pipelines constructed,~ithmetallic <br />materials should be provided with polyethylene wrap or other means of cathodic <br />protection. Water table elevations are well below maximum depth of any trenching <br />operation for water line installation. Maximum trench depths will in nearly all <br />cases be less than 5 feet deep so caving is not expected to be a problem. <br /> <br />4.3.2 Storage. The stability and bearing capacity of the soil will need to <br />be determined in conjunction with the structural design of the storage tank founda- <br />tions. This would be accomplished during the design phase of a project after a <br />tank site has been acquired. Site development should include seeding and mulching <br />to prevent wind erosion and to control dust. No adverse effects are anticipated due <br />to soil conditions. <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />4.3.3 Water Treatment Facilities. The stability and bearing capacity of the soil <br />will need to be determined in conjunction with the structural design of the water <br />treatment plant building. Again this would be accomplished during the design <br />phase of a project after a plant site has been determined. Site development <br />should include seeding and mulching to prevent wind erosion and to control dust. <br />No adverse effects are anticipated due to soil conditions. <br /> <br />-28- <br />