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Chapter III. Flood Proofing Procedures Several general procedures to achieve flood proofing are discussed in this chapter. Some of these procedures, such as laying out sites and raising buildings, are intended primarily for new construction which would represent a proper use of flood plain sites. Other procedures, such as those to keep the water out or those to minimize losses if the water gets in, would apply to both new and existing structures. LayinJt out the Site The practice of "clustering" buildings is prevalent in planned unit developments. This clustering permits buildings to be attractively grouped on parts of a site which are above flood levels and reserves the low-lying sections as landscaped green areas and parking facilities (Figure 7). The use of the higher ground for development allows streams and other natural low- land features to be kept intact as scenic elements and fish and wildlife habitats. Many of the natural features of the valley can be made more useful for recreational purposes. For example, low-lying swampy areas can be transformed into permanent lakes that pro- vide opportunities for water oriented recreation and modest amounts of flood water stor- age as well. Flood Free level Building Sites Flood Plain Parking and Open Area Cluster Development on Natural Terrain Flood level Area Above Flood Raised for Building Flood Plain Parking and Open Area 4 Cluster Development on Artificial Plateau Figure 7.-A planned unit development on a flood plain site. The example at the top 01 the page illustrates a valley location with only a part of the site subject to flooding. The lower example shows a site entirely within a pondage area and subject to low stageflood- ing. In this case, a portion of the site was artificially raised to be above flood levels. , 11