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<br />Overvie\v ................................ ........................................................................................................................... I
<br />Introduction "',...,..,.,.........""""",........,.....,..,.",.".,...,...,.,.."""..".....,.,..,..".,.",.,.. ,.,."..,..,.,.,.......".".,.,.,.,...,." 3
<br />Acknowledgments""".,.,......,......."".,.,......,.,....,.,..".,...."..,....."...,......,.,.,..,."",........,.....,....",.. ..",..",...,., 4
<br />Photograph credits,."."",..",.,............",.,..,.,............",.,.,..,.,.....,.,..,.,.,........."""..".....,.",..",.,.,......."" 4
<br />Rai nfall ,..........,..".,""",.".....,.,.,.......,."",.,...,.............,.""..,...........",...",.,.......,."",..."",.,..,.", .,.,.".,....."""..., 5
<br />Hurricane Floyd rainfall recurrence intervals ............................................................................................ 6
<br />August~September 1955 rainfall and September-October 1999 rainfall.....,........................,................... 8
<br />Hurricane Floyd rainfall compared to Hurricane Fran (1996) rainfall ....................,............,................... 9
<br />The relation of rainfall to flooding .......,.,...."", ,...........".."",.,.,......,..".,.,...........,.",...."",.,....",.,.,.,....,.,... 9
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<br />Flooding .......,.,.,..",...".......,. ,.,..........,",.......,.,..........""...",........,.""""".,.,........"".",.,.,....,...,.,....,..........",...,. II
<br />Tar - Pamlico Ri ver Basin ,....,..,.....,.,.,.....,.,"',.,.,...,.,.,...,."...""...,.,....".,....,.,....,......,...,........,.."",.,.,......... 14
<br />Neuse River Basin .............................................................................................................................. ....... 15
<br />Cape Fear River Basin ......,.,..,.,.,..,..".....,.,.,..,.,......."...",......,....,.."...,.,.,....,....."" ""..,...,.,.... ,...,......,.."" 16
<br />Other river basins ........,..."",....,.,........ .....""",.,...... '.,.,..,."",.,....,...,.,....."...".....,.,.",..",.,.,........"...",.,.,.. 16
<br />Freshwater delivery to Pamlico Sound .....................,.........................................,......,..................,........... 20
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<br />Water quality .,........"".,..."",..............,..,.....,..,.,.,.,..,. ,.,."."".,....,.,.. ,.,..."""."..,.,....,..."".,.,............"."..,.,........ 22
<br />Dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance ...............,....,..,........,..........,....................,..,........,........ 24
<br />Nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon ..................,....,................,..................................,..,..,............., 25
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<br />Bacteria ,...,..."........,"',...,...,..,.,............""""...,..,.......,.."",.,.,......,.,...."",.,.,.,....,.,.",..",...,.......,.",.", .,..... 28
<br />Pesticides and fuels ,.....,.,.....,..,.".,.,.."..............,.."",....,.....,.,......,.,.,..,.,...,....",...,.,....,...."."..........,...""" 31
<br />Nitrogen and phosphorus loads .,..,"',.,....,.,',..,.,.,.....,.,..,...,.,.".,.,.."...."..,........."....,..............".",.,.,......... 34
<br />Salinity and dissolved oxygen in the Pamlico and Neuse River estuaries ............................,....,.............. 37
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<br />Shoreli ne changes ....,.,..".,',..,.,.,....,.,.,..........,..".,."............,..".,....,........,.,.."....,.",......",...."",........"",."""... , 40
<br />Summary and conclusions ',..,',.,....,........,......,.,',.,.,.".......,."."""".....,.,.......".,.",.,..,.,......",..............".,.,.....,.. 44
<br />References ",..".,....,........,.,',..,"',.".,.,.,.,',.,.,........".,...",.,.........."".....,.,........,.",...".,.,......,...,.,........ .......,.,...... 46
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<br />SIDEBARS
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<br />Hurricanes in North Carol ina ............................................................................................................................
<br />Flood recurrence intervals..",....,....,............""",.,.".,...,.,.........,....,....,.,......."""...,....,.........".,..,.,.......,."...,.,... I 7
<br />Nitrogen and phosphorus in surface \vaters....................................................................................................... 28
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<br />Waterborne pathogens "",.,........,.,..,.,""',.,....,.,',.,..,.,..""",...,.,............".,.,...,.,.,......"".,...".......,.,.."",........,..., 3 I
<br />Pesticide contamination of surface waters......................................................................................................... 3 3
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<br />FIGURES
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<br />I. Number of tropical cyclones, by type, making landfall in North Carolina, 1890-1999....,.................... 2
<br />2, Satellite image of eastern North Carolina with generalized basin outlines and tracks for
<br />Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene, September-October 1999......,..,.......,.......................................... 6
<br />3, Rainfall in North Carolina, September 4-5, 1999, during the passage of Hurricane Dennis and
<br />locations of selected raingages in eastern North Carolina ...................................................................... 7
<br />4, Rainfall in North Carolina, September 14-16,1999, prior to and during the passage of
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<br />Hurricane Floyd....,.,..........,..,..."'...,.,..,."'...".,.,..,..".,.""'...,..,.,.........."'.,..................,.,.,.,.,.,..,.,......,.,..., 7
<br />5. Generalized tracks of Hurricanes Connie, Diane, and lone, August-September 1955................,.......... 8
<br />6. August 1955 and September 1999 monthly rainfall at selected sites in the Tar-Pamlico,
<br />Neuse, and Cape Fear River Basins, and at selected other sites .......,.....,............,....,..,..........,............... 9
<br />7, Site locations and flood recurrence intervals for September-October 1999 flooding at selected
<br />streamgaging sites in North Carolina and Virginia ................................................................................. 13
<br />8. Stage hydrograph for the Tar River at Tarboro, September-October 1999............................................. 14
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<br />Two Months of Flooding in Eastern North Carolina. September-Oclobcr 1999
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