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<br />Scouring <br />Scouring action washes away stabilizing soil and undermines <br />structures. See Figure 2-7. Scouring can be caused by wave action <br />and it is often amplified around the corners of structures where the <br />sweep of water forms swirls and ripples which erode the underlying <br />soil. This action at corners can often be alleviated by proper soil <br />compaction or stabilization, vegetation, or buried but slightly <br />exposed structural wing walls. <br /> <br /> <br />----. -- -----=::::::----=- <br />-~ ---- <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />,... <br /> <br />Figure 2-7 <br />Scouring <br /> <br />Overturning <br />Rushing water or wave action can combine with buoyant forces or a <br />bottom snagging effect to overturn a structure onto its side. See <br />Figure 2-8. <br /> <br /> <br />- - --- <br />~--~-----_. <br /> <br />-~-----~------ <br />_h_~_______~~______ <br /> <br />Figure 2-8 <br />Overturning <br /> <br />2-5 <br />