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<br />, <br /> <br />for rain and snowmelt events for a series of specific discharge values until <br />the composite curve is defined over the desired frequency range, <br />For example, consider a discharge of 3,000 cfs for a basin with a <br />drainage area of 213 square miles and mean watershed elevation of 9,000 feet, <br />The probability of an event of this magnitude being caused by rain is <br />P(R) = 0.130 and by snowmelt is P(S) = 0.070. The combined probability for <br />this event computed by Equation 3 is as follows: <br /> <br />P(RUS) = 0,130 + 0.070 - (0.130)(0.070) = 0,019 <br /> <br />. Peak flow for a return period of 100 years is plotted versus drainage <br />areas for different mean watershed elevations in Figure 13 to illustrate the <br />impact of watershed elevation on the 100-year flood. The significance of <br />basin elevation becomes more pronounced for lower discharge frequencies. <br /> <br />Sm~MARY AND CONCLUSIONS <br /> <br />Stream gauging stations offer more information than just peak flows. By <br />researching the original charts and identifying the cause of flooding, a <br />separate annual series for each type of flood event can be made, The sta- <br />tistical parameters which describe the probability distributions for each <br />separate event type can be computed to describe frequency-discharge curves for <br />each type event at the gauged site, The curves may then be statistically com- <br />bined to give a composite frequency-discharge curve. . <br />In a regional approach, several gauged subbasins which compose a homoge- <br />neous region are first analyzed individually by separating the record into <br />independent events, By regression analysis, the statistical parameters com- <br />puted for each event type at each station are related to measurable subbasins <br />and climatic variables. The statistical parameters are given weights equal to <br />the station's length of record in the regression analysis. <br />If the basin or climatic variables in a given site are known, the <br />regional statistical parameters can re determined from the regression <br />equations, and discharge-frequency curves for each independent population can <br />be computed, After these curves for the independent events are statistically <br />combined, the results will be compatible with other records in the region. <br />The discharge-frequency curve may be adjusted to reflect long-term records in <br />the vicinity of the site if present. <br />The statistical parameters which were used to define a log-Pearson type <br />III distribution in the regional analysis included the mean logarithm, coef- <br />ficient of variation of logarithms, skew coefficient of logarithms, and skew <br />coefficient of logarithms of peak flows. For rain events, it was found that <br />the mean increases as the drainage area increases while the coefficient of <br />variation and skew remain constant, For snowmelt events, the mean was found <br />to increase as the drainage area increases and as the mean watershed elevation <br />increases. Like rain events, the coefficient of variation and skew were found <br />to be constants for snowmelt events, <br />In all applications of the method, the peak discharges were found to <br />increase with drainage basin area although the runoff per unit area tended to. <br />decrease, <br />Three factors are important in generalizing about the differences between <br />snowmelt and rainfall type floods in Colorado, These are frequency, draiange <br />basin size, and mean watershed elevation. <br />In general for a given drainage basin area and mean watershed elevation, <br />rain events tend to dominate the composite curve for rare events. For a given <br /> <br />/ <br /> <br />18 <br />