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<br />does not specifically address end treatments in terms of inventory data or <br />condition. The condition rating of end treatments is included in SI&A <br />item 62, Culvert and Retaining Walls. The appraisal rating should be included <br />in SI&A item 67, Structural Condition. <br /> <br /> <br />Exhibit 42. Headwall and wingwa11 end treatment. <br /> <br />Inspections of end treatments primarily involve visual inspection although <br />hand tools should be used such as a plumb bob to check for misalignment, a <br />hammer to sound for defects, and a probing bar to check for scour and <br />undermining. The inspection should be documented by a narrative description <br />of the type and condition of end treatment used. and photographs or sketches <br />of any significant problems found. The defects to look for during an <br />inspection will depend upon the type of end treatment being inspected. In <br />general, headwa11s should be inspected for movement or settlement, cracks. <br />deterioration, and traffic safety. All ends should be checked for <br />undermining, scour, and evidence of piping. Piping is the removal of soil by <br />water seeping along the outside of the pipe. This process is called piping <br />because a pipe-shaped tube is often formed in the soil. Exhibit 43 <br />illustrates a culvert with undermining at the outlet and evidence of piping. <br /> <br />&7 <br />