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<br /> <br />Exhibit 14. Timber culvert. Timber culverts are generally box culverts. <br /> <br />Section 2. HYDRAULICS OF CULVERTS <br /> <br />3-2.0 Genera 1 . <br /> <br />Culverts are primarily constructed to convey water through a highway. <br />railroad, or other embankment. A culvert which does not perform this function <br />properly may jeopardize the roadway, as shown in exhibit 15, cause excessive <br />property damage, or even loss of life. The hydraulic requirements of a <br />culvert usually determine the size, shape, slope, and inlet and outlet <br />treatments of a culvert. Culvert hydraulics can be divided into two general <br />design elements. The first is a hydrologic analysis to determine the design <br />discharge or the amount of runoff the culvert should be designed to convey. <br />The second is a hydraulic analysiS to select a culvert, or evaluate whether an <br />existing culvert is capable of adequately conveying the design discharge. To <br />recognize whether a culvert is performing adequately the inspector should <br />understand the factors that influence the amount of runoff to be handled by <br />the culvert as well as the factors which influence the culvert's hydraulic <br />capacity. <br /> <br />25 <br />