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<br />a. Corrugated Aluminum Pipe--Factory assembled aluminum pipe is available <br />in two basic shapes: round and pipe arch. Both shapes are produced with <br />several different wall thicknesses, several corrugation patterns, and with <br />annular (circumferential) or helical (spiral) corrugations. Round aluminum <br />pipe is available in standard sizes up to 120 inches in nominal diameter. <br />Aluminum arch pipe is available in sizes up to the equivalent of a 96-inch <br />diameter round pipe. <br /> <br />b. Structural Plate Aluminum Pipe--Structural plate aluminum pipes are <br />field assembled with 9-inch-pitch by 2.5-inch-depth corrugations. Plates are <br />manufactured in a variety of plate thicknesses and are pre-curved for the <br />specific size and shape of the structure to be erected. Plates are <br />manufactured in lengths of 8N through lBN (N equals 3 pi or 9.6 inches). <br /> <br />Plate length is measured along the circumference of the structure. Use of <br />measurements in terms of N permits easy conversion from nominal diameter to <br />circumference as previously explained for structural plate steel. Standard <br />plates have a net width of 4 feet 6 inches. Structural plate aluminum pipes <br />are produced in five basic shapes: round, pipe arch, arch, pedestrian/animal <br />underpass, and vehicle underpass. A wide range of standard sizes is available <br />for each shape. Spans as large as 30 feet can be obtained for the arch <br />shape. More detailed listings of available sizes and key dimensions are <br />provided in the appendix. <br /> <br />c. Aluminum Box Culvert--The aluminum box culvert utilizes standard <br />aluminum structural plates with aluminum rib reinforcing added in the areas of <br />maximum moments. Ribs are bolted to the exterior of the aluminum shell during <br />installation. Aluminum box culverts are suitable for shallow depths of fill <br />and are available with spans ranging from 8 feet 9 inches to 25 feet <br />5 inches. Standard sizes and geometric dimensions are provided in the <br />appendix. <br /> <br />d. Aluminum Long Span Structures--Long span aluminum structures are <br />assembled using conventional 9- by 2.5-inch corrugated aluminum plates and <br />aluminum rib stiffeners. Long span aluminum span structures are available in <br />the same five basic shapes as steel long spans including horizontal ellipse, <br />pipe arch, low profile arch, high profile arch, and pear shape. The typical <br />sizes for aluminum spans are essentially the same as the typical sizes <br />available for steel long span structures. Spans range from 19 feet 4 inches <br />to 40 feet. Listings of typical sizes and dimensions for each shape are <br />provided in the appendix. Inspectors should use design or as-built plans when <br />inspecting existing long span structures because each long span structure <br />represents a custom design. <br /> <br />3-1.6 Masonry Culverts. <br /> <br />Stone and brick are durable, low maintenance materials. Prior to the 1920's, <br />both were used frequently in railroad and road construction projects because <br />they were readily available from rock cuts or local brickyards. Currently <br />stone and brick are seldom used for constructing culvert barrels. Stone is <br />used occasionally for this purpose in locations which have very acid runoff, <br /> <br />23 <br />