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<br />problems of varying climate, topography and <br />soil characteristics; however, design methods <br />and techniques are available and, when used <br />thoughtfully, can be applied satisfactorily in <br />designing the most common forms of <br />storm water detention - rooftop, plaza, <br />parking lot, and ponds and basins in open <br />spaces. <br />9. Implementation of on-site <br />storm water detention facilities presents no <br />unsurmountable problems in places where <br />local physical conditions are amenable to <br />their use. <br />10, A watershed approach to stormwater <br />management problems will often be the best, <br />or only way to solve problems of flooding, <br />pollution, soil erosion and siltation resulting <br />from urban runoff. <br />II. Removal of connections of roof <br />drains to sanitary sewers or combined sewers <br />can be an effective method for reducing the <br />loadings on these sewers to help solve <br />flooding and pollution problems - and such <br />removals accentuate the desirability and <br />effectiveness of on-site storm water detention. <br />12. Urban runoff, even when kept <br />separate from municipal and industrial <br />wastewater, may some day require treatment. <br />Control of runoff by on-site detention will be <br />useful in reducing peak runoff flows and will <br />facilitate the implementation of economical <br />and practical treatment methods. <br />13. The exclusive use of on-site <br />detention of runoff, or any other single means <br />.of runoff control, is not usually sufficient for <br />solving the problems of local flooding that <br />exist in many urban areas. Other compatible <br /> <br />flood control measures, such as <br />flood'proofing and flood plain zoning are <br />often necessary adjuncts to provide effective <br />flood protection. <br /> <br />RECOMMENDATIONS <br />I. Public agencies, at all levels of <br />government, having storm water management <br />responsibilities are encouraged to study and <br />consider the use of on-site detention of urban <br />runoff with a goal of implementing <br />stormwater detention programs on a <br />watershed basis in flood-prone areas. <br />2. Further research should be <br />performed to facilitate the development of <br />programs for urban stormwater drainage and <br />procedures for management, of urban <br />storm water. This should include a detailed <br />study of concepts and techniques, such as <br />on -site detention, as well as studies of <br />alternative means of solving financial, <br />administrative and technical problems <br />pertaining to implementation, operation and <br />maintenance. <br />3. In providing facilities, local <br />stormwater management agencies should give <br />careful consideration to developing the best <br />attainable balance between collection, <br />detention and treatment of stormwater. Each <br />of these factors may be likened to the equal <br />importance of each of the three legs of a <br />stool. This consideration is particularly <br />apropos in view of the possibility that all <br />urban runoff, whether collected separately or <br />in combined sewers, may in future years <br />require some measure of treatment before <br />ultimate discharge. <br /> <br />7 <br />