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", coarse granite gravel substrate, revegetation of these areas could take several years, This lack of ground cover could also pose a threat of increased erosion, debris flows and floods in the affected watersheds, Particularly, large road cuts, fills and culvert crossings are now more susceptible to erosion, sedimentation, and/or washout conditions during heavy rains, Mitigation Efforts Much has already been done to assess the immediate hazards associated with the bum area, The Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) team, made up of staff members from the state and federal forest services and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), was on site the day of the CWCB visit, and data has been collected on bum intensity and erosion potential. That data is available in GIS format. The NRCS and Forest Service have also done some treatment on the bum site itself, including contour tree felling, scarification to reduce hydrophobic soils, and aerial reseeding, Some of this effort is being accomplished through the NRCS Emergency Watershed Protection program, which provides money to help rehabilitate damaged watersheds on private lands, In addition to this quick assessment, some additional studies need to be undertaken to determine potential flood and debris flow hazards to specific locations, and the potential for large-scale sedimentation in downstream areas, Some of this work is being accomplished by the CGS and USGS, A separate report will detail those findings, The Nation Weather Service has distributed manual rain gauges to residents within the bum area in an attempt to collect data on rain storms, and to help in early warning efforts, The NWS will also issue alerts, watches and warnings during heavy storms to warn residents and visitors of flood and debris flow hazards, Conclusions The community of Pine Junction, and any remaining structures in and around Cliffdale, could see higher stream flows this year due to the lack of ground cover and semi hydrophobic soils created by the fire in the upstream watersheds. In cases of severe storms, flash floods could also be a hazard, and could be accompanied by debris flows as the loose granite and topsoil materials are washed down the slopes, Minor storms (precipitation> OS' in 30 minutes or> I" in 60 minutes) may cause localized flooding, washouts on secondary roads, blockage of culvert crossings, and nuisance damages, Major thunderstorms (precipitation> I" in 30 minutes or> 2" in 60 minutes) could potentially cause more severe flooding and debris flows that may damage homes, infrastructure, and other facilities, The National Weather service is aware of the increased flood threat and will monitor the situation carefully, Flash flood watches and/or warnings will be issued by the NWS for the bum areas as needed. The watch and warning statements will also include warnings of the increased landslide and debris flow hazards as well.