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<br />insure that their usefulness is not impaired by simplifications which <br /> <br /> <br />preclude "unusual" situations. For example, one cannot plan an analyt- <br /> <br /> <br />ical study around a computer program that is able to handle only 70 <br /> <br /> <br />percent of the foreseeable situations. For that matter, even 90 percent <br /> <br /> <br />effectiveness is usually not sufficient since the remaining 10 percent <br /> <br /> <br />of the problems would require such voluminous amounts of manual calcula- <br /> <br /> <br />tions that the study could not be accomplished within a reasonable <br /> <br /> <br />amount of time. A computer program must be designed so it is 95 to 100 <br /> <br /> <br />percent effective; that is, so that it can handle 95 to 100 percent of <br /> <br /> <br />the problems in open channel flow. This means that almost all simpli- <br /> <br /> <br />fications must be avoided, and alternative algorithms must be given for <br /> <br /> <br />every major calculation that is required. <br /> <br /> <br />The information presented in this volume reflects insight gained <br /> <br /> <br />from calculating water surface profiles to satisfy requirements in <br /> <br /> <br />planning, designing, constructing and operating water resource projects. <br /> <br /> <br />Existing textbook material will be referenced to emphasize its useful- <br /> <br /> <br />ness and to point out its limitations for calculating water surface <br /> <br /> <br />profiles for the general cases that occur in field problems. <br /> <br /> <br />The scope of this volume is restricted to rigid boundary hydraulics <br /> <br /> <br />and steady flow. (Volume 12 of this report, "Sediment Transport," <br /> <br /> <br />treats problems involving movable boundary hydraulics.) Procedures are <br /> <br /> <br />presented which lend themselves to both manual and automatic computa- <br /> <br /> <br />tion methods. <br /> <br />1.02 <br />