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<br /> <br />Mitigation <br /> <br />Construction in areas susceptible to collapse is difficult. <br />Some soi 15 will collapse under their own weight If wetted. <br />Two construction techniques are possible In this case: 1) <br />prevent wetting of the 50115 for the lifetime of the <br />structure, or 2) precollapse the sol Is prior to construction <br />by deep soaking of the area. Sol Is which will collapse with <br />the addition of heavy structures alone might be developed <br />successfully with light weight improvements. In some cases <br />The problem sol I may be shallow enough to excavate, or the <br />building foundation may be placed below the troublesome soil <br />In more suitable material. Any technique of development Is <br />effective only after careful analysis of the conditions and a <br />thorough understanding of the process Is gained. Corrective <br />techniques can be costly. Given no other choice, this may be <br />less expensive than continual repair or rebuilding of the <br />structure. Geologic investigations and testing can reveal <br />collapsing soils as well as sites subject to to settlement <br />for natural or man-caused reasons. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />These two photos show hydrocompaction of soi I s along the <br />proposed Interstate 70 alignment near Rifle. Note concentric <br />rings around the pond and through a test road embankment. <br /> <br />Land Use <br /> <br />The only land uses which create no-risk situations are <br />agricultural and open space. land uses that involve <br />structura I improvement on the I and surface may generate <br />costly maintenance and even destruction of the development. <br />Minimum structural development, such as a storage yard, <br />constitutes a relatively safe use of land subject to collapse <br />or settlement. <br /> <br />Case History <br /> <br />A Carbondale, Colorado, rancher's stock watering pond <br />excavated In a pasture collapsed because of hydrocompaction. <br />A bowl-shaped depress I on 60 feet across and 8 feet deep <br />resu I ted when he attemp'ted to pond water In his fie I d. Th'e <br />solis were so permeable that the pond would not hold water, <br />and the wetted so i I s under the pond co II apsed. Many roads <br />and other improvements In the vicinity have been destroyed <br />or damaged by soaking of collapsible. low density soi Is. <br /> <br /> <br />Tests permitted proper highway design and construction, <br />avoiding future repairs. <br /> <br />43 <br />