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<br />v. Rubble dam. A stone masonry dam in which the stones are unshaped or <br />uncoursed. <br /> <br />w. Saddle dam (or dike). A subsidiary dam of any type constructed <br />across a saddle or low point on the perimeter of a reservoir. <br /> <br />x. Tailings dam. See mine tailings dam. <br /> <br />Dam failure. The uncontrolled release of impounded water. It is recognized <br />that there are lesser degrees of failure and that any malfunction or abnormal- <br />ity outside the design assumptions and parameters which adversely affect a <br />dam's primary function of impounding water is properly considered a failure. <br />They are, however, normally amenable to corrective action. <br /> <br />Design water level. The maximum water elevation including the flood sur- <br />charge, that a dam is designed to withstand. <br /> <br />Design wind. The most severe wind that is reasonably possible at a particular <br />reservoir for generating wind setup and runup. The determination will <br />generally include the results of meteorologic studies which combine wind <br />velocity, duration, direction and seasonal distribution characteristics in a <br />realistic manner. <br /> <br />Diaphragm wall (membrane). <br />impervious material such as <br />core wall. <br /> <br />A sheet, thin zone, or facing made of an <br />concrete, steel, wood, plastic, etc. Also see <br /> <br />Dike. See saddle dam. <br /> <br />Diversion channel, canal, or tunnel. A waterway used to divert water from its <br />natural course. The term is generally applied to a temporary arrangement, <br />e.g. to by-pass water around a dam site during construction. "Channel" is <br />normally used instead of "canal" when the waterway is short. <br /> <br />Drain, blanket. A layer of pervious material placed to facilitate drainage of <br />the foundation and/or embankment. <br /> <br />Drain, chimney. A vertical or inclined layer of pervious material in an <br />embankment to facilitate and control drainage of the embankment fill. <br /> <br />Drain, <br />toe of <br />convey <br /> <br />toe. <br />a dam <br />it to <br /> <br />A system of pipe and/or <br />used to collect seepage <br />a free outlet. <br /> <br />pervious material along the downstream <br />from the foundation and embankment and <br /> <br />Drainage area. The area which drains to a particular point on a river or <br />stream. <br /> <br />Drainage curtain (also called drainage wells or relief wells). A line of <br />vertical wells or boreholes to facilitate drainage of the foundation and <br />abutments and to reduce water pressure. <br /> <br />-4- <br />