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<br />EXHIBIT 2 <br />LOSS COEFFICIENTS <br /> <br />1. Pier Shape Coefficient, "K" (Variable XK) <br />For use in Yarnell's energy equation for Class A flow <br /> <br />H3 = ~K (K + lOw - 0.6) (a + 15a4) V~/29 <br /> <br />Pier Shape <br /> <br />K <br /> <br />Semicircular nose and tail <br /> <br />Twin-Cylinder piers with connecting diaphragm <br />Twin-Cylinder piers without diaphragm <br />gOO triangular nose and tail <br />Square nose and tail <br /> <br />0.90 <br />0.95 <br />1.05 <br />1.05 <br />1.25 <br /> <br />II. Loss Coefficient, "K" (Variable XKOR) <br /> <br />This coefficient is used in the orifice flow equation, Q = A 12g H/K . <br />For bridges and relatively short culverts, a value of 1.5 is suggested. <br />For long culverts where friction losses must be considered, the value <br />can be calculated by the sum of loss coefficients, k, shown below. <br /> <br />uescription <br /> <br />k <br /> <br />Intake <br /> <br />.10 <br />.05 <br />kf <br />XKOR = 1.0+ Ik <br /> <br />Intermediate piers <br />Friction <br /> <br />Exhibit 2 <br />Page 1 of 2 <br />