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<br />, <br /> <br />COMPUTER DETERMINATION OF FLOW THROUGH BRIDGES <br />ABSTRACT <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />KEY WORDS: backwater; bridge piers; hydraulics; computers, models <br /> <br />Techniques used for the computer determination of water surface prof'iles <br />through bridge structures of various shapes and sizes, including culverts <br />under high fills, are presented. The techniques are incorporated in the <br />Hydrologic Engineering Center Program on Water Surface Profiles, Theo- <br />retical aspects of procedures for low f'low through bridges using momentum <br />principles are described in detail for both supercritical and sub critical <br />f'low. Methods for determining the controlling type of f'low (low f'low, <br />pressure flow, weir flow, or various combinations of these) and corre- <br />sponding Changes in water surface elevation are described and illustrated. <br />stress is placed on the need for additional research and field data to <br />evaluate the accuracy of various techniques that are suited to computer <br />determination of water surface profiles through bridges. Limitations of' <br />the procedures are described. <br /> <br />. <br />