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<br />surge/tsunami, tornado, wildfire, dams and radiological hazards. According to FEMA,
<br />all states are at risk from at least two hazards, with some threat-
<br />ened by as many as seven (Appendix 4).
<br />
<br />Comparing mitigation spending with the number of hazards associ-
<br />ated with each state shows that the two are not necessarily related.
<br />when compared by FEMA region, states in Regions I, 11, III and VI
<br />spent a similar amount of money per capita as regions with fewer
<br />hazards (Appendix 5).
<br />
<br />More likely, spending is influenced by the ability of states to appro-
<br />priate funding and build public support for mitigation programs.
<br />likewise, spending also depends on the type and severity of haz-
<br />ards. In the long run, states are forced to spend far more on floods,
<br />hurricanes and earthquakes (Figure 5).
<br />
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<br />
<br />F'lgUre 5: State Mitigation Spending by
<br />PRE-DISASTER AND POST-DISASTER Hazard
<br />
<br />MITIGATION
<br />
<br />As mentioned, mitigation activities can be categorized as either pre-disaster or post-
<br />disaster projects. For the purposes of this report, pre-disaster mitigation refers to
<br />actions taken without a connection to any particular event, while post-disaster
<br />mitigation projects are implemented following disasters.
<br />
<br />The evidence indicates that states are now spending far more on forward-looking
<br />measures aimed at reducing the cost of future disasters, rather than trying to fix the
<br />problem afterward.
<br />
<br />States were asked to report spend-
<br />ing for both pre-disaster and post-
<br />disaster mitigation. The 3S states
<br />that responded to the question
<br />reported spending a total of $814
<br />million on pre-disaster mitigation
<br />in fiscal 1997. Spending in this area
<br />ranged from $5,366 to $706
<br />million, with an average of $23
<br />million among the states.
<br />
<br />By contrast, states reported spend-
<br />ing far less on post-disaster mitiga-
<br />tion, with expenditures for such
<br />activity totaling $90 million, signifi-
<br />cantly less than pre-disaster mitiga-
<br />tion. Spending in this category
<br />varied widely among states from
<br />$17,500 to $24 million, with an
<br />average of $2.5 million. When
<br />compared to one another, pre-
<br />disaster spending accounted for 90
<br />percent of mitigation (Figure 6).
<br />
<br />Post-Disaster
<br />Mitigation
<br />Spending
<br />
<br />
<br />Pre-Disaster
<br />Mitigation
<br />Spending
<br />
<br />F'lgUre 6: FY 1997 Pre-Disaster vs. Post-Disas-
<br />ter Spending
<br />
<br />PRE-DISASTER AND POST-DISASTER SPENDING
<br />
<br />Because most mitigation projects are now undertaken before rather than after
<br />disasters strike, mitigation is generally considered a pre-disaster activity along with
<br />emergency preparedness, planning, training and exercises.
<br />
<br />I Investing in Our Future: Report on Trends in State Mitigation Spending l...!J
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