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sealed with grout. New foundation piers can be located directly under slab cuts to prevent differential movement of the two edges. The photograph on page 27 shows a cut through a slab prior to raising the structure. Time Requiredfor the Work- According to experienced structural movers, about two weeks are required for the average residential structure for initial site preparations, excavation and tunneling, and jacking. This time can be substantially in- creased by site conditions such as large trees preventing or limiting access by the excavat- ing and earth moving equipment, the need for dewatering, the presence of rock, etc. Con- struction of the newfoundation, reconnecting utilities and air conditioning equipment, archi- tectural adjustments, and final site cleanup and landscaping involve additional time. Additional time would also be required if the structure is to be cut into sections, moved to a new location, and reassembled. This latter time is highly variable, depending on the design of the structure involved, dis- tance of the move, and difficulty of the route. Speed of the equipment along the route can be as high as 20 mph under extremely favorable road conditions, but usually ranges between 3 and 8 mph. THE STEPS INVOL VED The following steps would generally be required, although not necessarily in the sequence presented. Raising in Place - The operations listed below assume continued occupation of the home during the process. 1. Obtaining the necessary building permits, and arranging with utility providers for neces- sary disconnections, reconnections and inspec- tions. Requirements vary greatly from juris- -~. diction to jurisdiction. 2. Site work as required to allow access for necessary equipment. This would include re- moval and protection of trees and shrubs, removal of fences, etc. 3. Excavating around the perimeter of the slab to allow access for subsequent operations. Excavation is carried to an elevation below the base of the perimeter grade beams. 4. Excavation and tunneling under the foun- dation to allow placement of support beams. Excavation and tunneling are accomplished both manually and mechanically. Specialized earthmoving equipment has been developed to facilitate this process. One such piece of equipment, termed a "long nose bucket" or a "snoot" by its developer, is designed for at- tachment to a front end loader. The "snoot" is pushed under the slab to remove the earthen materials. Photographs of this equipment and its use are shown on pages 13 through 15. 5. Providing temporary, flexible utility con- nections. Water, electricity, telephone and natural gas are generally above ground con- nections and relatively simple. Sanitary sewer connections will generally require excavation, usually in connection with the excavation and tunneling under the slab. 6. Detaching driveways, sidewalks, porches and garage, if applicable, or removing the slabs from these areas. 7. Removing or securing fragile home fur- nishings. Most of the contents can remain in the home throughout the process. 4