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<br />PREFACE <br /> <br />The purpose of this circular is to provide design information <br />for analyzing energy dissipation problems at culvert outlets <br />and in open channels. The first five chapters of the circular <br />provide general information to support the remaining design <br />chapters. Design chapters VI-X! cover the general types of <br />dissipators: hydraulic jump, forced hydraulic jump, impact, <br />drop structure, stilling well, and riprap. The design concept <br />presented in chapter I is illustrated in chapter 12, Design <br />Selection. In this chapter, the different dissipator types <br />are compared using design problems. <br /> <br />Much of the information presented has been taken from the <br />literature and adapted, where necessary, to fit highway needs. <br />Recent research results have been incorporated, wherever <br />possible, and a field survey was conducted to determine the <br />States' present practice and experience. <br /> <br />ACKNOWLEDGMENTS <br /> <br />This circular was prepared as an integral part of Demonstration <br />Project No. 31, "Hydraulic Design of Energy Dissipatorsfor <br />Culverts and Channels, II sponsored by Region 15. l1r. Philip L. <br />Thompson of Region 15 and Mr. Murray L. Corry of the Hydraulics <br />Branch wrote sections, coordinated, and edited the circular. <br />Dr. F. J. Watts of th~ University of Idaho (on a year assign- <br />ment with the Hydraulics Branch), Mr. Dennis L. Richards of <br />the Hydraulics Branch, Mr. J. Sterling Jones of the Office <br />of Research, and Mr. Joseph N. Bradley, Consultant to the <br />Hydraulics Branch, contributed substantially by writing sections <br />of the circular. Mr. Frank L. JOhnson, Chief, Hydraulics <br />Branch and Mr. Gene Fiala, Region 10 Hydraulics Engineer, <br />supported the authors by reviewing and discussing the drafts <br />of the circular. Mr. John Morris, Region 4 Hydraulics Engineer, <br />collected research results and assembled a preliminary manual <br />which was used as an outline for the first draft. !irs. Linda L. <br />Gregory and Mrs. Silvia M. ROdriguez of Region 15 Word Processing <br />Center and Mrs. Willy RUdolph of the Hydraulics Branch aided <br />in manual preparation. <br /> <br />The authors wish to express their gratitude to the many <br />individuals and organizations whose research and designs are <br />incorporated into this circular. <br /> <br />i <br /> <br />.,.............r. ... lefn.eu.......U.8.G..._ t.........~ <br />._D.C._........... <br />--.:......,,. .111-, <br />