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<br />~ <br />1 <br /> <br />Levee - An embankment gEnerally landward of top bank that confines <br />flow during highwater periods, thus preventing overflow into <br />lowlands. <br /> <br />Longard tubing - sand-fi I led tubes (synthetic material) placed either <br />parallel or at an angle to the streamflow for streambank <br />protection. <br /> <br />Lower bank - That portion of a streambank having a elevation less than <br />the mean water level of the stream. <br /> <br />Mattress - A covering of concrete, wood, stone, or other material used ..1 <br />to protect a streambank against erosion. J <br /> <br />Meandering stream - A single channel waterway having a pattern of <br />successive deviations in alignment and flow direction. <br /> <br />Middle bank - That portion of a streambank having an elevation <br />approximately the same as that of the mean water level of the <br />stream. <br /> <br />Natural levee - A low, alluvial ridge adjoining the channel of a <br />stream formed by sediment deposited by floodwaters that have <br />overflowed the chan,el banks. <br /> <br />Organic mixtures and mulches - Any of a number of agents (e.g. <br />petrochemicals or vegetative matter) used to stabi I ize a <br />streambank against erosion by providing protection and nutrients <br />wh i Ie vegetat i on be~omes estab I i shed. These agents, wh i ch may be <br />in the form of I iquids, emulsions, or slurries, are normally <br />appl ied by mechanical broadcasters. <br /> <br />Overbank flow - Water mOJement over top bank either due to a rising <br />stream stage or to inland surface-water runoff. <br /> <br />Oxbow - The abandoned bow-shaped or horseshoe-shaped reach of a former <br />meander loop, that is left when the stream cuts a new shorter <br />channel across the narrow neck between two closely approaching <br />bends of the meande~. <br /> <br />Pavement - streambank sUI-face covering, usually impermeable, designed <br />to serve as protection against erosion. Common pavements used on <br />streambanks are con<:rete, compacted asphal t, and so i I cement. <br /> <br />1 <br />~ <br />~ <br /> <br />Peaked stone dike - Riprap placed paral lei to the toe of a streambank <br />(at the natural ang"1 or repose of the stone) to prevent erosion <br />of the toe and indu<:e sediment deposition behind the dike. <br /> <br />Perennial stream - A channel that has continuous flow. <br /> <br />Phreatic line - The upper boundary of the seepage water surface <br />landward of a streambank. <br /> <br />"l <br />; <br />, <br /> <br />, <br />., <br />I <br /> <br />78 <br />