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<br />. <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />Ephemeral stream - A stream that flows only in direct response to <br />precipitation and receives I ittle or now water from springs or no <br />sustained supply from snowmelt or other sources. An ephemeral <br />stream's channel is at all times above the water table. <br /> <br />Erosion - Removal of soi I particles from the land surface due to water <br />or wind action. <br /> <br />Erosion control ma~ting .- Fibrous matting (e.g. jute, paper, etc.> <br />placed or sprayed 01 a streambank for the purpose of preventing <br />erosion or providin!l temporary stabi I ization unti I vegetation is <br />establ ished. <br /> <br />Fabriform - Grout-fi I led fabric mattress used for streambank <br />protection. <br /> <br />Fascine - A bundle of brush, sticks, or timber used to make a <br />foundation mat or to construct a revetment to protect a <br />streambank against ~rosion. <br /> <br />Fence - A streambank pro~ection technique consisting of wire mesh or <br />timber attached to a series of posts, sometimes in double rows: <br />the space between the rows may be fi lied with rock, brush, or <br />other materials. FE,nces may be placed either parallel to the <br />bank or extended in~o the stream, in either case these structures <br />decrease the stream velocity and encourage sediment deposition as <br />the flow passes through the fence. <br /> <br />Fetch - The area in which waves are generated by wind having a rather <br />constant direction and speed: sometimes used synonymously with <br />fetch length. <br /> <br />Fetch length - The horizcntal distance (in the direction of the wind) <br />over which wind gen~rates waves and wind setup. <br /> <br />Filter - Layer of fabric, sand, gravel, or graded rock placed, or <br />developed naturally where suitable in-place materials exist, <br />between the bank revetment and so i I for one more of three <br />purposes: to prevent the so i I from mov i ng through the revetment <br />by piping, e~trusion, or erosion; to prevent the revetment from <br />sinkin9 into the soi I; and to permit natural seepage from the <br />streambank, thus prevent i ng bu i I dup of excess i ve hydrostat i c <br />pressure. <br /> <br />Flanking - Erosion resulting from streamflow between the bank and the <br />landward end of a river-training or a grade-control structure. <br /> <br />I <br />1 <br /> <br />Flow slide - Saturation of a bank to the point where the soi I material <br />behaves more I ike a I iquid than a sol id; the soi I/water mixture <br />may then move downslope resulting in a bank fai lure. <br /> <br />Gabion - A wickerwork or wire mesh basket or cage fi I led with stone or <br />