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<br />Uniun Anum'llam Retrofit. EIIl!It'Ko'uod. Coluradu
<br />
<br />. d' n at the old Petersburg Dlleh hcadgalc in
<br />The U~liotl Avenue dlvers~~n inailJ8S b the U.S. Army Corps ut Englllecrs.
<br />Englewood. (olorado was. replac . " YdaDl wilh an over-the.dam spillway.
<br />(tlSACE) with a 4.6-m-hlgl1 conc~le :ra:IJ 33 m/m and had the appearance of a
<br />The downslream fat:e, of the da~ s ~~~I ~he ~eversc mikes al the dam past causetl
<br />suic.able boaung expenence. but In r .Y "sanee" with its deceptive appearance.
<br />1. did an -aUr;l( live flU
<br />it hazard. he am crea e. . d owned in the reverse roller wave at
<br />From 1985 to 1988, three recreallon;!l c.jI(IS r
<br />.he lOt: of the dam (Cenlcrlint, 1992).
<br />.. .' , nducled on altecnativ. methods far rctrofiuing.
<br />ExtensIVe Investlgallons ~ere e<<;~lkelihuod or additional drownings. The design
<br />the Umon Avenue dam to reduce th ""d "de range of discharges from a low now
<br />challenges included the need 10 cons I er a wlnood which was required 10 be .fully
<br />470 for .he 1 percent .
<br />of 1,5 ems to cm~ d I . and hydraulic design conslIJerallons
<br />conualled within me river bankSde By" ro 0&: iver diversion intake hazard, difflcuh
<br />lIu;luded SWlmenl transport and rSIlIO~ja:enl to Ihe diversion intake. need fllr
<br />hydraulic boat chute enl~ancc .c~n l~~o::ze of standing waves al the bOllom of each
<br />adequate chule depth 01 now al. I th over.lhe-dam now characler so it IOU
<br />chute. II was also necessary 10 contra e ..
<br />would nul 'reale unnecessarily hazardous COOOIIlOIl5.
<br />
<br />. ere considered. The design objectives WCft~ met
<br />Several alternative layo~lS W f h d Ihrough conslruclion uf a SCflC~ ul
<br />by Hooding Ihe downstrcam lace ~ 0 I de I- am mbankmenlS Six bool dlUICS were
<br />. lepped ponds .orfic uy e .
<br />duwnstream SI3U-S " '1'1 ' hydraulic design and rcuulll
<br />'h '1' ge in waler sur-ace. Ie
<br />designed 10 CDnneCI eae '. Ian . a "18 scale hydrauli, model under a conUatl
<br />n:commendaltDns were tested us~gl ljSBR Tests on the lISHR hydraulic mudel
<br />belween the Slate of Colorado all. llC eali~nal boaters at the diversion inmkc;
<br />prOVided reliable da~ 00 prote~lIog ,rec~ chule slopes chute roughness and shapt.'
<br />optimum boal chute mtake conflguraUondns, ' ..1 w"der raflS' orieOlallou of dIe
<br />h k .ksa UIIOCS3hu . .
<br />10 accommodate bot narrow aya _ the 0015. and suitabilhy uf Ihe ellure
<br />chutes 10 facilitue safe boot enlrance'd"ll~ tlP (K'lu,n'pp 1989) In additioll In
<br />f. , th id' ran"e ul eSlgn ows . '.
<br />proposed relro 11 lor ewe... 'th be s of oiher disciplines and the
<br />lei d the consullant met WI mem r 1-,
<br />me mu(' ~tu y.. ~ additional advice on river safelY and 'I\)alt.'r
<br />fraternilY ot whllewater ~1~lCrs :nce of lhc completed project.
<br />convelUcllce 10 assure puu I(; accep
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<br />Research Need*i
<br />
<br />. ascd need!l. for mudifymg or coostrul'ling steep dmnn~I..,
<br />111cre are mere .. d lp Slruclures and the relrulllllll~
<br />eonslCucling recreational boat chules over eXisting H
<br />or design of grade control struclures for puhllc salel)'.
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<br />STH:J' STRI:AM ('IIt\NNIJ.S
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<br />(1111
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<br />For public safelY, beller and more user.friendly design guidance is needetJ hy
<br />lJj,ical civil consuhanls for channel roughness n lactors, rouline avoidance l}f
<br />submerged hydraulic pumps and dangerous waves.
<br />
<br />Subsequenl 10 rough conslruclion, field measuremenl$ and observalions
<br />followed by filial field mudificalions to the channel Dr chute can provide a source of
<br />in. field derived design data. Under special circumstances, this can be considered a
<br />reasonable standard of care and can be l:ompared 10 stan-up and shakedown periods
<br />ill a new sewage or water lfe41lmem p'am and the wind-runnel lesling of aircrafl air
<br />foils. Exisling open channels and full.size strUClures alrt:ady jn place can provide
<br />good opponunilies for conducting lurbulem flow design crileria reseaH.'h,
<br />
<br />Research needs include jmproved design cri,eria for construcled and modified
<br />sleep channels and documentalian of energy losses and Manning's n in Sleep open
<br />channels, II appears Ibar n vaJues for cons((uc(ed channefs are smaller than for
<br />similar Iliuural channels even when the natural bed and bank annoring has been
<br />replaced 111 a manner similar 10 formerly.
<br />
<br />APPENDIX I-REFERENCES
<br />
<br />CClI1crlinc. Oenver Office News, July '992, NfiV Boat Chutes Ensure SafelY /fir
<br />l'omorrow's BOa/ers; Vol. 47, No.7; U.S. Depart. of Imerior, Bureau of
<br />Rt.."Cla0l3Iion, 8 p.
<br />Davis, J.E. and J.F, George, 1985. Mood Tesls of Lilde Fa/{s Dam POlomar River,
<br />Maryla1U/: U.S, Army Engineer Walcrways Exp, Stacian, 10 p plus encJosures.
<br />Jansen, R.B.. 1980, Dams and Public Safety: A Water Resources Public-alio,., U,S.
<br />Departmenl of the Inlerior, Waler and Power Resources Service, 332 p,
<br />Jarrell, R.D., 1984, 'Uydraulics ot High'gradie,,, Stream,,' JoumalolllYdraulic
<br />/;'nginetring Division, Am. Soc, of Civil Eng.. Vol. 110. No. II, P 1519-1539.
<br />Jarrell, R.D., and H.c. Persch, Jr.. Computer Program NOtLe User's Manua/u
<br />Verificalion of Matrn;,rg 's Roughness Cot1ficimt in Channels, Water-Resources
<br />Inl'eSligalion /I/po" 85.4317, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985.
<br />Klumpp, C.C.,CA. Pugh, l.R. Fitzwater, 1989, Union Avenue Dam Boar ChUle SlIuly:
<br />U.S, Bureau of ReclamaliDn, lIydraulics Branch, 5J p,
<br />LillIe. w.e., and J.B, Murphey. 1982, Model Stud..., of Low Drop Grtuie Control
<br />S'ructures: Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American SodelY of Civil
<br />Engineers, Vol. 1lI8, No. /lY 10, Oc'oher, 1982, p 1132-1146.
<br />Taggart, w.e" et at, 1984. -Modifications of Dams for Recrealional Hoaling- in
<br />Waler for Resource Developmem, Hydraulics Division of ASCE p 781.785.
<br />Wheal, Doug. 1984.1he Floaler'sGuide 10 Colorado; Falcon Press Pub. Co. 296p,
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